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  1. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesPlague Gives Surprises in the First Decade of the 21st Century in...

    Oct 9, 2013 · This review documents plague in human cases in the 1st decade of the 21st century and updates our knowledge of clinical manifestations, transmission during outbreaks, diagnostic testing, antimicrobial treatment, and vaccine development.

  2. theconversation.com › explainer-understandingExplainer: understanding plague in the 21st century

    Apr 8, 2016 · Why is plague considered dangerous? Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It is found mainly in rodents and is spread by fleas from rodent to rodent.

    • John Frean

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  4. wwwnc.cdc.gov › 2024 › infections-diseasesPlague | CDC Yellow Book 2024

    • Transmission
    • Epidemiology
    • Clinical Presentation
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
    • Prevention

    Y. pestistransmission usually occurs through the bite of infected rodent fleas. Less common exposures include handling infected animal tissues (e.g., among hunters and wildlife personnel); inhaling infectious droplets from cats or dogs with plague; and, rarely, contact with a patient who has pneumonic plague.

    See full list on wwwnc.cdc.gov

    Plague is endemic to rural areas in central and southern Africa, especially eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Uganda, and Madagascar; parts of the southwestern United States; the northeastern part of South America; central Asia; and the Indian subcontinent. The overall risk for travelers is low, and encountering Y. pestiswhile ...

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    The incubation period is typically 1–6 days. Plague illness has 3 possible clinical presentations: bubonic (the most common), pneumonic, or septicemic. Clinical symptoms and signs of bubonic plague include rapid onset of fever and painful, swollen, and tender lymph nodes, usually axillary, cervical, or inguinal. Pharyngeal plague is rare and presen...

    See full list on wwwnc.cdc.gov

    Y. pestis can be isolated from bubo aspirates, blood cultures, or sputum culture if pneumonic. State public health laboratories or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratories can confirm diagnosis by culture or serologic tests for the Y. pestisF1 antigen. Plague is a nationally notifiable disease. For diagnostic support, clinician...

    See full list on wwwnc.cdc.gov

    Treatment for plague differs by clinical presentation and illness severity. Several different classes of antimicrobials effectively treat plague, but aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones are considered first-line. Treating physicians can use doxycycline for bubonic or pharyngeal plague, but these should not be used for pneumonic or septicemic plagu...

    See full list on wwwnc.cdc.gov

    Travelers can prevent plague by reducing contact with fleas and potentially infected rodents and other wildlife. Although a live attenuated vaccine has been in use in Russia since the 1930s, no plague vaccine is currently available for commercial use in the United States or western Europe. A killed whole-cell vaccine was available in the United Sta...

    See full list on wwwnc.cdc.gov

  5. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 37748767Plague Gives Surprises in the Second Decade of the Twenty ...

    Sep 25, 2023 · Sciuridae. Yersinia pestis* Substances. Anti-Bacterial Agents. Levofloxacin. From 2010 through 2019, the six leading countries by numbers of human plague cases reported to the WHO were, in order from highest to lowest, Madagascar, Congo, Uganda, Peru, Tanzania, and the United States.

  6. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK549855Plague - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for ...

    Aug 7, 2023 · Plague is a zoonotic infection that has affected humans for thousands of years. In humans, the primary plague syndromes are bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. All of these result from infection with the gram-negative bacillus Yersinia pestis.

    • Robert L. Dillard, Andrew L. Juergens
    • 2023/08/07
    • Texas A&M

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  8. www.discovermagazine.com › health › plague-it-againPlague It Again, Sam: Plague in the Twenty-First Century

    Oct 29, 2013 · What's the scoop on plague in the 21st century? Is "ring-around-the-rosie" still relevant in this modern era of twerking? What Butler finds in his review on the modern plague is that this ancient disease "continues to surprise us with first-ever events."

  9. www.traveldoctor.com.au › travel-talk › worldwideWorldwide review of plague during the first decade of the ...

    Dec 8, 2016 · This review documents plague in human cases in the 1st decade of the 21st century. In the United States, 56 persons were reported to have the disease, of which seven died. Worldwide, 21,725 persons were affected with 1,612 deaths, for a case-fatality rate of 7.4%.

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