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Break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
- The First World War ended with the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Dual Monarchy came out of the conflict it has caused split in half, with its two constituent parts permanently separated.
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Feb 13, 2019 · The First World War ended with the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Dual Monarchy came out of the conflict it has caused split in half, with its two constituent parts permanently separated.
- Introduction↑
- Poland↑
- Serbia↑
- Montenegro↑
- Albania↑
- Italy↑
- Romania↑
- Ukraine↑
- Conclusion↑
Although Austro-Hungarian pre-war planning foresaw decisive expansions in case of war, there were no concrete plans as to what to do with the occupied territories until the fighting had ceased. Thus, in all cases of captured territory, Vienna responded according to the specific diplomatic and military framework: The circumstances in those countries...
Starting in May 1915, the Central Powers experienced their first decisive turning point on the Eastern Front with the successful Gorlice-Tarnow offensive. Following this win, the Polish territory in Russia (Vistula Land/Privislinsky krai, until 1867: “Congress Poland”) was divided up between the “German Government General of Warsaw” (GG Warsaw) and...
It was the declared aim of the Austro-Hungarian planning in the event of war to overrun the Kingdom of Serbia as quickly as possible and integrate the territory into its own realm. However, for almost a year all attempts by the Habsburg forces to conquer Serbia remained unsuccessful. It was not until Bulgaria entered the war that it was possible to...
After the fall of Serbia at the end of 1915, the troops of the Central Powers marched farther to the west. Montenegro was quickly overtaken. By 11 January 1916, the strategically important Mount Lovćen was captured, two days later the capital Cetinje was seized. What was left of the government in Montenegro began the negotiations with the enemy. Th...
Austria-Hungary viewed Albania as a strategically important country to rule over the west Balkans. It was the chief of staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf (1852-1925) who saw in Albania the “key country” that Austria-Hungary had to have under its “control.” But, the state that had been proclaimed in November 1912 in the course of the first Balkan War...
The Austro-Hungarian troops, together with German units, were able to finally make a breakthrough during the twelfth Isonzo/Soča offensive that began on 24 October 1917. The Italian troops suffered such a blow that they were not only forced back to the Tagliamento, but even as far back as the Piave River. Italy thus stood on the verge of collapse. ...
The Kingdom of Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary on 27 August 1916. Encouraged by the initially successful Russian Brusilov offensive, the government in Bucharest hoped that by entering the war on the side of the Allied powers they would move one step closer to annexing Transylvania. However, a massive counter-attack by the Central Powers thw...
Since the outbreak of the war the Central Powers took two independence movements inside Russia quite seriously: in Ukraine and Crimea. These were immediately instrumentalized for their own ends. Throughout 1917, the Central Rada in Kiev, based on the Petrograd Soviet model, developed into a broad, socio-political forum of the autonomy-seeking area ...
With the breakdown of the Salonica Front (mid-September 1918), and the last desperate defensive manoeuvres in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto (starting on 24 October), the end of the monarchy had arrived. This made the situation in the occupation zones very confusing: Individual soldiers or whole regiments changed their national affiliation and their...
In the Hungarian half of the Monarchy, on 24 October the Budapest government responded to the disintegration of the Austrian half by revoking the Compromise and reduced the link with Austria to the fact of personal union under a common monarch.
May 31, 2017 · In late October and November 1918, the activities of the Green Cadres became indistinguishable from a wave of violence, arson and looting against former officials, landlords and Jews.
- Jakub S Beneš
- 2017
On October 21, 1918, the 210 German members of the Reichsrat of Austria formed themselves into the National Assembly for German-Austria, and on October 30 they proclaimed this an independent state under the direction of the State Council (Staatsrat), composed of the leaders of the three main parties (Social Democrats, Christian Socialists, and G...
The final result was to leave Hungary with only 35,893 of the 125,641 square miles (92,962 of the 325,408 square km) that had constituted the lands of the Hungarian crown. Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia took large fragments, while others went to Austria and even Poland and Italy.
The following pages - focusing on the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the incidents in Austria in 1918/20 - are subdivided into four different periods and aspects: Firstly, World War One until the increasing protest movements of 1917/18, secondly, nonconformity and open resistance in the army in 1918, thirdly, the downfall of the monarchy ...
