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Standard Meta Language (SML) is a type-safe programming language that encapsulates numerous innovative ideas in programming language plan or design. It is a statically composed language, with an extensible type framework. It supports polymorphic type inference, which eliminates the burden of specifying types of variables and significantly encourages code re-use. It provides a productive programmed capacity for data structures and functions. It is a general-purpose, particular, functional programming language with compile-type checking and type inference. It is mainstream among compiler scholars and programming language analysts, as well as in the improvement of proving theorems. It is an advanced version of ML, the programming language utilized in the Logic for Computable Functions (LCF) hypothesis-demonstrating project. It is particular among generally utilized languages that have a proper specification, given as typing rules and operational semantics which was fully developed in 1997.
Basic Elements of SML
1. Expression: An expression is represented using the operands and operators. In this, Infix expression is required for the evaluation of expressions. Example:
- 10 + 20val it = 30 : int
2. Variables: Here, the variables can be defined using the val keyword. Example:
val a...
1/5
Top Answer
Answered Oct 03, 2016 · 3 votes
Found an annotated script (that doesn't seem valid as of 14.2):
//UML2 style titles are optional.title:sequence diagram//the participating objects are separated using the pipe symbol "|". Their names may be underlined using underscores._alpha:A_|_beta:B_|_gamma:G_//The following line describes a (synchonuous) message originating from the first object sent to the second object, while both objects are active.1->>2:1,2//This message is asynchronous being sent from the second object to the first object. The messages is named.2-/>1:async Msg.//A message from the third object to the first object; both objects are active.3->>>1:1,3//A named asynchronous return message in UML2 style (using a stick arrow head).1.>3:1,3:async return Msg//This is a self call of the first object.1->1:1:self//Interaction frames may be used to show optional or conditional blocks within sequence diagrams.iframe{:interaction frame2->3:2,3:async Msg.iframe}
RE: BNF, there's umlet-elements/src/main/javacc/SequenceAllInOneParser.jj
in the source:
options { static = false; IGNORE_CASE = false; JAVA_UNICODE_ESCAPE = true; JDK_VERSION = "1.6"; // Not yet detected as a valid option by the Eclipse plugin, but works nonetheless. This is essential for GWT compatible generated code. JAVA_TEMPLATE_TYPE = "modern"; }PARSER_BEGIN(SequenceAllInOneParser)package com.baselet.element.facet.specific.sequence_aio.gen;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import com.baselet.control.enums.LineType;import com.baselet.element.facet.specific.sequence_aio.Lifeline;import com.baselet.element.facet.specific.sequence_aio.Message.ArrowType;import com.baselet.element.facet.specific.sequence_aio.SequenceDiagramBuilder;import com.baselet.element.facet.specific.sequence_aio.SequenceDiagramException;public class SequenceAllInOneParser { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SequenceAllInOneParser.class); private boolean autoTick; /** * Replaces "\\\\" with "\\" in the output so that any further specified match replace pair can't match the replaced "\\". * @param matchReplacePairs * @return the string with the replacements */ public static String backslashReplace(String input, String... matchReplacePairs) { if (matchReplacePairs.length % 2 == 1) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("matchReplacePairs must have an even number of elements."); } String split = "\\\\"; StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(input.length()); int firstIndex = 0; // use the indexOf function instead of a split, because split uses regex and regex is not 100% supported by GWT int foundIndex = input.indexOf(split, firstIndex); while (firstIndex < input.length()) { int lastIndex = foundIndex == -1 ? input.length() : foundIndex; String tmp = input.substring(firstIndex, lastIndex); for (int j = 0; j < matchReplacePairs.length - 1; j += 2) { tmp = tmp.replace(matchReplacePairs[j], matchReplacePairs[j + 1]); } strBuilder.append(tmp); if (foundIndex != -1) { strBuilder.append('\\'); } firstIndex = lastIndex + split.length(); foundIndex = input.indexOf(split, firstIndex); } return strBuilder.toString(); } /** * Small data container to pass all informations. */ private class MessageArrowInfo { boolean fromLeftToRight; LineType lineType; ArrowType arrowType; } private class InteractionConstraint { private String lifelineId = null; private String text = ""; } private class LifelineInterval { private String startId; private String endId; }}PARSER_END(SequenceAllInOneParser)/* defines input to be ignored */< * > SKIP:{ " " | "\t"}< DIAGRAM_DEF_TEXT > SKIP:{ "\n" : DEFAULT | "\r\n" : DEFAULT | "\r" : DEFAULT}< DEFAULT > TOKEN:{ < DIAGRAM_OPTION_OVERRIDE_ID :"overrideIds=" > | < DIAGRAM_OPTION_AUTO_TICK: "autoTick=" > | < TRUE: "true" > | < FALSE: "false" > | < DIAGRAM_TITLE: "title=" > : DIAGRAM_DEF_TEXT | < DIAGRAM_DESC: "desc=" > : DIAGRAM_DEF_TEXT | < LIFELINE_DEFINITIONS: "obj=" > : LIFELINE_DEF}< DIAGRAM_DEF_TEXT > TOKEN:{ < DIAGRAM_DEFINITION_TEXT: ( ~ ["\\","\r","\n"] | ("\\" ["\\", "n"] ) )+> : DIAGRAM_DEF_TEXT}< LIFELINE_DEF > TOKEN :{ < LL_DEF_NEW_LINE: "\n" | "\r\n" | "\r" > : DEFAULT | < LIFELINE_DEF_DELIMITER: "|" > /*| < LIFELINE_TITLE_DELIMITER: "~" > integrated in the title */ | < LIFELINE_ACTOR: "ACTOR" > | < LIFELINE_ACTIVE: "ACTIVE" > | < LIFELINE_CREATED_LATER :"CREATED_LATER" > | < LIFELINE_EXEC_SPEC_FROM_START: "EXECUTION" > | < LIFELINE_TITLE: /* since | and ~ are special characters which delimit the title they need to be escaped */ ( ~["~","\\","\n","\r","|"] | ("\\" ["\\","~","|","n"]) )+ "~" >}< DEFAULT > TOKEN :{ < TEXT_DELIMITER: ":" > : DIAGRAM_SEQ_TEXT | < LIST_DELIMITER: "," > | < OPEN_CURLY_BRACKET: "{" > | < CLOSE_CURLY_BRACKET: "}" > | < COMMAND_DELIMITER: ";" > | < T_DASH: "-" > | < T_DOT: "." > | < T_DDOT: ".." > | < T_EQ: "=" > | < MESSAGE_ARROW_LEFT_OPEN: "<" > | < MESSAGE_ARROW_LEFT_FILLED: "<<<" > | < MESSAGE_ARROW_RIGHT_OPEN: ">" > | < MESSAGE_ARROW_RIGHT_FILLED: ">>>" > | < MESSAGE_DURATION_INC: "+" > | < LOST: "lost" > | < FOUND: "found" > | < GATE: "gate" > | < START_COREGION: "coregionStart=" > | < END_COREGION: "coregionEnd=" > | < INVARIANT: "invariant=" > | < STATE_INVARIANT: "stateInvariant=" > | < EXEC_SPEC_START: "on=" > | < EXEC_SPEC_END: "off=" > | < LL_DESTROY: "destroy=" > | < REF: "ref=" > | < CONTINUATION: "continuation=" > | < TEXT_ON_LIFELINE: "text=" > | < TICK: "tick=" > | < COMBINED_FRAGMENT: "combinedFragment=" > : CF_OPERATOR | < INTERACTION_CONSTRAINT: "constraint=" > | < UNSIGNED_INT_CONSTANT: ( ["0" - "9"] ) + > | < DEFAULT_NEW_LINE: "\n" | "\r\n" | "\r" >}< LIFELINE_DEF, DEFAULT > TOKEN :{ < LIFELINE_ID: ["a"-"z","A"-"Z"] (["a"-"z","A"-"Z","0"-"9"])* >}< DIAGRAM_SEQ_TEXT > TOKEN :{ < TEXT_UNTIL_NEXT_COMMAND : ( /* since ; is special characters which delimit the text it must be escaped */ ~["\\","\n","\r",";"] | ("\\" ["\\",";","n"]) )+ > : DEFAULT}< CF_OPERATOR > TOKEN :{ < COMBINED_FRAGMENT_OPERATOR: /* since ; and ~ are special characters which delimit the operator they need to be escaped */ ( ~["~","\\","\n","\r",";"] | ("\\" ["\\","~","|","n",";"]) )+ "~" > : DEFAULT}/* general Tokens *//* skip comments */< * > SKIP :{ <"//"(~["\n","\r"])*>}< * > TOKEN :{ <LAST_LINE_COMMENT: "//"(~["\n","\r"])*>}/** * The main function which parses the whole diagram. * Line comments are skipped (see Tokens) */SequenceDiagramBuilder start() :{ String titleText = ""; String descText = ""; SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram = new SequenceDiagramBuilder(); autoTick = true;}{ ( ( titleText=DiagramTitle() /* NL skip and change state to DEFAULT */ | descText = DiagramDescription() /* NL skip and change state to DEFAULT */ | Option(diagram) < DEFAULT_NEW_LINE > | LifelineDefinitions(diagram) /* NL part of the nonterminal */ )+//diagram definition as new NT followed by NL alternating with sequence so that the sequence= can be removed Sequence(diagram) ) (< LAST_LINE_COMMENT >)? <EOF> { diagram.setTitle(titleText); diagram.setText(descText); return diagram; }}String DiagramTitle() :{ String text = "";}{ < DIAGRAM_TITLE > ( < DIAGRAM_DEFINITION_TEXT > { text = backslashReplace(token.image, "\\n","\n");} )? {return text;}}String DiagramDescription() :{ String desc = "";}{ < DIAGRAM_DESC > < DIAGRAM_DEFINITION_TEXT > { desc = backslashReplace(token.image, "\\n","\n");} {return desc;}}/** * Options for the whole diagram */void Option(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ boolean overrideIds;}{ < DIAGRAM_OPTION_OVERRIDE_ID > overrideIds = booleanConstant() { diagram.setOverrideDefaultIds(overrideIds); } | < DIAGRAM_OPTION_AUTO_TICK > autoTick = booleanConstant()}/** * Defines all Lifelines */void LifelineDefinitions(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{}{ < LIFELINE_DEFINITIONS > LifelineDef(diagram) (< LIFELINE_DEF_DELIMITER > LifelineDef(diagram))* < LL_DEF_NEW_LINE >}/** * Defines one Lifeline, the id can't be LIFELINE_ACTOR, LIFELINE_ACTIVE * or LIFELINE_CREATED_LATER because these are keywords. */void LifelineDef(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String name = ""; String id = null; boolean createdOnStart = true; Lifeline.LifelineHeadType headType = Lifeline.LifelineHeadType.STANDARD; boolean execSpecFromStart = false;}{ name = LifelineDefTitleText() (id=LifelineId())? ( < LIFELINE_ACTOR > { headType = Lifeline.LifelineHeadType.ACTOR; } | < LIFELINE_ACTIVE > { headType = Lifeline.LifelineHeadType.ACTIVE_CLASS; } | < LIFELINE_CREATED_LATER > { createdOnStart = false; } | < LIFELINE_EXEC_SPEC_FROM_START > { execSpecFromStart = true; } ) * { if("lost".equals(id) || "found".equals(id)) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("'lost' and 'found' are keywords and can not be used as lifeline identifiers."); } diagram.addLiveline(name, id, headType, createdOnStart, execSpecFromStart); }}/** can could be multiple lines */String LifelineDefTitleText() :{}{ < LIFELINE_TITLE > { /* remove trailing ~ and handle the escaping of \, |, n and ~ */ return backslashReplace(token.image.substring(0, token.image.length() - 1), "\\n", "\n", "\\~", "~", "\\|", "|"); }}/** * Can't be one of the following, because these are keywords in the lifeline definition! * < LIFELINE_ACTOR: "ACTOR" > * < LIFELINE_ACTIVE: "ACTIVE" > * < LIFELINE_CREATED_LATER :"CREATED_LATER" > */String LifelineId() :{}{ < LIFELINE_ID > { return token.image; }}void Sequence(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{}{ ( SequenceTick(diagram) < DEFAULT_NEW_LINE > | ( SequenceElement(diagram) ( LOOKAHEAD(2) < COMMAND_DELIMITER > SequenceElement(diagram))* (< COMMAND_DELIMITER >)? < DEFAULT_NEW_LINE > { if(autoTick) { diagram.tick(); } } ) | < DEFAULT_NEW_LINE > )*}void SequenceTick(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ int tickCount = 1;}{ < TICK > (tickCount = unsignedIntConstant())? { diagram.tick(tickCount); }}void SequenceElement(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{}{ ( MessageOrGeneralOrderingOrText(diagram) /* Message, GeneralOrdering have a common prefix for more clarity a new nonterminal was created*/ | Coregion(diagram) | DestroyLL(diagram) | ExecutionSpecification(diagram) | StateInvariant(diagram) //| (diagram) //general ordering, TimeConstraint TimeObservation and DurationConstraint Duration Observation missing | InteractionUse(diagram) | Continuation(diagram) | CombinedFragment(diagram) )}void MessageOrGeneralOrderingOrText(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{}{ /* * (Message and GeneralOrdering) A common prefix is: <LIFELINE_ID> "." <LIFELINE_ID> "<" * All three have <LIFELINE_ID > as common prefix * therefore use LOOKAHEAD(2) if it is a text, if not use a LOOKAHEAD(5) to determine if it is a message or a general ordering */ LOOKAHEAD(2) TextOnLifeline(diagram) | LOOKAHEAD(5) Message(diagram) | GeneralOrdering(diagram)}void CombinedFragment(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ LifelineInterval interval = new LifelineInterval(); String operator = ""; String id = null;}{ ( < COMBINED_FRAGMENT > ( < COMBINED_FRAGMENT_OPERATOR > { operator = backslashReplace(token.image.substring(0, token.image.length() - 1), "\\n", "\n", "\\;", ";", "\\~", "~"); } ) [ id = LifelineId() [interval = LifelineInterval()] ] { diagram.beginCombinedFragment(interval.startId, interval.endId, id, operator); } ) | ( < T_DASH > < T_DASH > (< T_EQ > id=LifelineId())? { diagram.endCombinedFragment(id); } ) | ( < T_DDOT > (< T_EQ > id=LifelineId())? { diagram.endAndBeginOperand(id); } )}void Message(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String leftLifelineId = null; String rightLifelineId = null; String leftLifelineLocalId = null; String rightLifelineLocalId = null; MessageArrowInfo messageArrowInfo; String msgText = ""; int lostCount = 0; int foundCount = 0; int gateCount = 0; int duration = 0;}{ ( ( leftLifelineId = LifelineId() [LOOKAHEAD(2)< T_DOT > leftLifelineLocalId = LifelineId()] | < LOST > { leftLifelineId = "lost"; lostCount++; } | < FOUND > { leftLifelineId = "found"; foundCount++; } | < GATE > { leftLifelineId = "gate"; gateCount++; } ) messageArrowInfo = MessageArrow() ( rightLifelineId = LifelineId() [< T_DOT > rightLifelineLocalId = LifelineId()] | < LOST > { rightLifelineId = "lost"; lostCount++; } | < FOUND > { rightLifelineId = "found"; foundCount++; } | < GATE > { rightLifelineId = "gate"; gateCount++; } ) (duration = MessageDuration())? (msgText = TextUntilNewLine())? ) { if(lostCount + foundCount + gateCount > 1) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("Error: 'lost', 'found' and 'gate' can only occur once per message."); } String send; String receive; String sendLocalId; String receiveLocalId; if(messageArrowInfo.fromLeftToRight) { send = leftLifelineId; receive = rightLifelineId; sendLocalId = leftLifelineLocalId; receiveLocalId = rightLifelineLocalId; } else { send = rightLifelineId; receive = leftLifelineId; sendLocalId = rightLifelineLocalId; receiveLocalId = leftLifelineLocalId; } if(gateCount > 0) { if(duration != 0) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("Error: a messages with a gate can only have a duration of 0, but the duration was " + duration + "."); } if(send.equals("gate")) { diagram.addSendGateMessage(receive, msgText, messageArrowInfo.lineType, messageArrowInfo.arrowType, receiveLocalId); } else { diagram.addReceiveGateMessage(send, msgText, messageArrowInfo.lineType, messageArrowInfo.arrowType, sendLocalId); } } else if(send.equals("lost")) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("Error: 'lost' can only be on the receiving end of a message."); } else if(send.equals("found")) { if(duration != 0) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("Error: 'lost' and 'found' messages can only have a duration of 0, but the duration was " + duration + "."); } diagram.addFoundMessage(receive, msgText, messageArrowInfo.lineType, messageArrowInfo.arrowType, receiveLocalId); } else { if(receive.equals("lost")) { if(duration != 0) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("Error: 'lost' and 'found' messages can only have a duration of 0, but the duration was " + duration + "."); } diagram.addLostMessage(send, msgText, messageArrowInfo.lineType, messageArrowInfo.arrowType, sendLocalId); } else if(receive.equals("found")) { throw new SequenceDiagramException("Error: 'found' can only be on the sending end of a message."); } else { diagram.addMessage(send, receive, duration, msgText, messageArrowInfo.lineType, messageArrowInfo.arrowType, sendLocalId, receiveLocalId); } } }}MessageArrowInfo MessageArrow():{ MessageArrowInfo messageArrowInfo = new MessageArrowInfo();}{ ( ( messageArrowInfo.lineType = MessageArrowLineType() ( < MESSAGE_ARROW_RIGHT_OPEN > { messageArrowInfo.arrowType = ArrowType.OPEN; } | < MESSAGE_ARROW_RIGHT_FILLED > { messageArrowInfo.arrowType = ArrowType.FILLED; } ) ) { messageArrowInfo.fromLeftToRight = true; } | ( ( < MESSAGE_ARROW_LEFT_OPEN > { messageArrowInfo.arrowType = ArrowType.OPEN; } | < MESSAGE_ARROW_LEFT_FILLED > { messageArrowInfo.arrowType = ArrowType.FILLED; } ) messageArrowInfo.lineType = MessageArrowLineType() ) { messageArrowInfo.fromLeftToRight = false; } ) { return messageArrowInfo; }}LineType MessageArrowLineType() :{ LineType lineType;}{ ( < T_DASH > { lineType = LineType.SOLID; } | < T_DOT > { lineType = LineType.DASHED; } ) { return lineType; }}int MessageDuration() :{ int duration;}{ ( ( < MESSAGE_DURATION_INC > { duration = 1; } ( duration = unsignedIntConstant() | (< MESSAGE_DURATION_INC > { duration++; })* ) ) | ( < T_DASH > { duration = -1; } ( duration = unsignedIntConstant() { duration = -duration; } | (< T_DASH > { duration--; })* ) ) ) { return duration; }}void GeneralOrdering(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram):{ String leftLifelineId = null; String rightLifelineId = null; String leftLifelineLocalId = null; String rightLifelineLocalId = null; boolean leftEarlier;}{ leftLifelineId = LifelineId() < T_DOT > leftLifelineLocalId = LifelineId() ( < MESSAGE_ARROW_RIGHT_OPEN > { leftEarlier = true; } | < MESSAGE_ARROW_LEFT_OPEN > { leftEarlier = false; } ) rightLifelineId = LifelineId() < T_DOT > rightLifelineLocalId = LifelineId() { if(leftEarlier) { diagram.addGeneralOrdering(leftLifelineId, leftLifelineLocalId, rightLifelineId, rightLifelineLocalId); } else { diagram.addGeneralOrdering(rightLifelineId, rightLifelineLocalId, leftLifelineId, leftLifelineLocalId); } }}void Coregion(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String lifelineId; boolean start;}{ ( < START_COREGION > { start = true; } | < END_COREGION > { start = false; } ) lifelineId = LifelineId() { diagram.addCoregion(lifelineId, start); }}void DestroyLL(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String lifelineId;}{ < LL_DESTROY > lifelineId = LifelineId() { diagram.destroyLifeline(lifelineId); }}void ExecutionSpecification(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String lifelineId; boolean on;}{ ( < EXEC_SPEC_START > { on = true; } | < EXEC_SPEC_END > { on = false; } ) lifelineId = LifelineId() { diagram.changeExecutionSpecification(lifelineId, on); } ( (< LIST_DELIMITER >)? lifelineId = LifelineId() { diagram.changeExecutionSpecification(lifelineId, on); } )*}void StateInvariant(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String lifelineId; String text = ""; boolean stateStyle;}{ ( < INVARIANT > { stateStyle = false; } | < STATE_INVARIANT > { stateStyle = true; } ) lifelineId = LifelineId() (text = TextUntilNewLine())? { diagram.addStateInvariant(lifelineId, text, stateStyle); }}void TextOnLifeline(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram) :{ String lifelineId; String text = "";}{ [< TEXT_ON_LIFELINE >] lifelineId = LifelineId() text = TextUntilNewLine() /* text is mandatory, if not lookahead with message and general ordering would not work*/ { diagram.addTextOnLifeline(lifelineId, text); }}String TextUntilNewLine() :{}{ < TEXT_DELIMITER > < TEXT_UNTIL_NEXT_COMMAND > { return backslashReplace(token.image, "\\n", "\n", "\\;", ";"); }}void InteractionUse(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram):{ LifelineInterval interval; String text = "";}{ ( < REF > interval = LifelineInterval() (text = TextUntilNewLine())? ) { diagram.addInteractionUse(interval.startId, interval.endId, text); }}void Continuation(SequenceDiagramBuilder diagram):{ LifelineInterval interval; String text = "";}{ ( < CONTINUATION > interval = LifelineInterval() (text = TextUntilNewLine())? ) { diagram.addContinuation(interval.startId, interval.endId, text); }}/** * @return the start and end of the interval. */LifelineInterval LifelineInterval():{ LifelineInterval interval = new LifelineInterval();}{ interval.startId = LifelineId() (< LIST_DELIMITER >)? interval.endId = LifelineId() { return interval; }}boolean booleanConstant() :{ boolean value;}{ ( <FALSE> { value = false;} | <TRUE> { value = true;} ) {return value; }}int unsignedIntConstant() :{}{ <UNSIGNED_INT_CONSTANT> { int value; try { value = Integer.parseInt(token.image); } catch(NumberFormatException e) { // only digits are accepted by the gramer, so the only reason for a NumberFormatException should be that the number is too big for int throw (ParseException) new ParseException("Error: The string '" + token.image + "' couldn't be parsed as integer. The most probable reason is that the number is too big.").initCause(e); } return value; }}
2/5
Top Answer
Answered Aug 25, 2022 · 14 votes
If served over HTTP, the file extension has no meaning. The only information that matters it the Content-Type
header field where the media type of the resource is specified.
But when served from a local filesystem, the media type is normally identified by the file extension.
Edit
I think the reason for why the extension .html is used even if it’s XHTML is because XHTML is HTML just with XML syntax and everyone is used to .html for HTML documents. (Although most XHTML documents are actually served as HTML as the media type text/html denotes HTML no matter what the document type declaration says.)
But again: extensions are not necessary when requested over HTTP. In HTTP the Content-Type header field tells what media type the resource should be interpreted with. So in theory you could use whatever extension you want or even use no extension at all (useful when content negotiation is used).
3/5
Top Answer
Answered Sep 21, 2021 · 3 votes
The purpose of markup languages such as XML is to represent documents, whereas the purpose of data serialization languages such as YAML or JSON is to represent data. Examples follow:
XML
<document> <paragraph>This is a <i>small</i> document</paragraph><document>
YAML
customer: first_name: John last_name: Smith dob: 2000-01-01
JSON
{ "customer": { "first_name": "John" "last_name": "Smith" "dob": "2000-01-01" }}
Historically, there has been plenty of cross-over use, but originally as well as currently, the document vs data distinction best characterizes the difference.
See also
- If YAML ain't markup language, what is it?
- XML is document oriented. What does it mean?
- XML vs YAML vs JSON
- XML vs JSON to represent database data
4/5
Top Answer
Answered Jun 12, 2009 · 8 votes
That would be Entity RelationShip Diagrams, in short ERD.
Other Answers
Answered Jun 12, 2009 · 1 votes
ERD is probably the most widely used. I've also seen ORM used, though it is not database specific- it is about building a universe of facts.
Other Answers
Answered Jun 12, 2009 · 1 votes
I have always known some form of an 'Entity Relationship Diagram' (ERD) as the standard for modeling a database.
These diagrams generally use rectangles to represent entities and use lines between the rectangles to represent relationships between those entities. It's also common to see some form of notation indicating the cardinality of the relationship (i.e. one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many) in form of dashes and "crow's feet".
5/5
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Standard_GeneralizedStandard Generalized Markup Language - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Standard_GeneralizedThe Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates ": [1]
www.geeksforgeeks.org › what-is-sgmlWhat is SGML ? - GeeksforGeeks
www.geeksforgeeks.org › what-is-sgmlMay 11, 2023 · What is SGML ? Last Updated : 11 May, 2023. In this article, we are going to learn about SGML .SGML stands for Standard generalized markup language is a Standard generalized markup language that makes use of a superset of extensively used markup languages like HTML and XML.
People also ask
What is standard generalized markup language (SGML)?
- Standard generalized markup language (SGML) is a text markup language that serves as a superset of widely used markup languages like HTML (hypertext markup language) and XML (extensible markup language). SGML is used for marking up documents and has the advantage of not being dependent on a specific application.
What is Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML ... - Techopedia
www.techopedia.com/definition/1898/standard-generalized-markup-language-sgmlWhat does standard generalized markup language mean?
- Standard generalized markup language (SGML) is a text markup language that serves as a superset of widely used markup languages like HTML (hypertext markup language) and XML (extensible markup language).
What is Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML ... - Techopedia
www.techopedia.com/definition/1898/standard-generalized-markup-language-sgmlWhat is SGML?
- What is SGML ? In this article, we are going to learn about SGML .SGML stands for Standard generalized markup language is a Standard generalized markup language that makes use of a superset of extensively used markup languages like HTML and XML. It is used for marking up files and has the gain of now no longer depending on a particular application.
What is SGML ? - GeeksforGeeks
www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-sgml/What is the difference between SGML and HTML?
- Lack of Rich Metadata: Compared to SGML, HTML has fewer metadata features, which makes it less suited for some applications that require a lot of data. For establishing markup languages, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), is a standardized, adaptable, and very expressive language.
Difference Between HTML and SGML - GeeksforGeeks
www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-html-and-sgml/www.w3.org › TR › WD-html40-970708A brief SGML tutorial - World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
www.w3.org › TR › WD-html40-970708The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML, defined in [ISO8879] ), is a language for defining markup languages. HTML is one such "application" of SGML. An SGML application consists of several parts: The SGML declaration. The SGML declaration specifies which characters and delimiters may appear in the application.
www.geeksforgeeks.org › difference-between-htmlDifference Between HTML and SGML - GeeksforGeeks
www.geeksforgeeks.org › difference-between-htmlNov 22, 2023 · Hypertext Markup Language, or HTML, is a popular markup language for developing and organizing material on the World Wide Web. HTML is compatible & works well on almost all Browsers. Angle brackets (<>) are used to surround each element in HTML, and each element may have attributes that offer further details.
www.britannica.com › SGMLComputer programming language - SGML, Markup Language, HTML
www.britannica.com › SGMLSGML (standard generalized markup language) is an international standard for the definition of markup languages; that is, it is a metalanguage. Markup consists of notations called tags that specify the function of a piece of text or how it is to be displayed.
www.techopedia.com › definition › 1898What is Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML ...
www.techopedia.com › definition › 1898Aug 18, 2011 · Standard generalized markup language (SGML) is a text markup language that serves as a superset of widely used markup languages like HTML (hypertext markup language) and XML (extensible markup language). SGML is used for marking up documents and has the advantage of not being dependent on a specific application.
csis.pace.edu › ~marchese › CS835A GENTLE INTRODUCTION TO SGML - Pace University New York
csis.pace.edu › ~marchese › CS835tem known as the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) [Note 1]. SGML is an international standard for the definition of device-independent, system-independent meth-ods of representing texts in electronic form. This chapter presents a brief tutorial guide to its main features, for those readers who have not encountered it before.
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