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The Black Death was an infamous disease responsible for the death of 1.5 million people (out of an estimated four million) between 1348 and 1350. Also known as the bubonic plague, the Black Death is thought to have been brought to England from Asia in 1348, affecting England on a total of seven occasions before the end of the 14th Century.
- Cures for The Black Death
The Black Death was responsible for the deaths of one in...
- The Medieval Church
Peasants were even expected to work free of charge on the...
- Feudalism
England’s lord were ruthless in their mission to keep law...
- Harold of Wessex
Harold’s death portrayed on the Bayeux Tapestry When he was...
- Edward I
A number of Normans were killed in a brawl in 1051 in Dover,...
- The Laws of William The Conqueror
The laws of William the Conqueror were introduced after he...
- Cures for The Black Death
- Arrival of The Plague & Spread
- Medical Knowledge
- Animal Cures
- Potions, Fumigations, Bloodletting, & Pastes
- Flight from Infected Areas & Persecution
- Religious Cures
- Quarantine & Social Distancing
- Conclusion
The plague had been killing people in the Near East since before 1346 CE, but that year it grew worse and more widespread. In 1343 CE, the Mongols under the Khan Djanibek (r. 1342-1357 CE) responded to a street brawl in the Italian-held Crimean town of Tana in which a Christian Italian merchant killed a Mongol Muslim. Tana was easily taken by Djani...
The physicians of the day had no idea how to cope with the outbreak. Nothing in their experience came anywhere close to the epidemic which killed people, usually, within three days of the onset of symptoms. Scholar Joseph A. Legan notes: None of Galen's works – and little of others' – were available in Latin or Greek to the European doctor who had ...
One of the most popular cures was the “Vicary Method”, named after the English doctor Thomas Vicary, who first proposed it. A healthy chicken was taken and its back and rear plucked clean; this bare part of the live chicken was then applied to the swollen nodes of the sick person and the chicken strapped in place. When the chicken showed signs of i...
The unicorn potion was not the only – or most expensive – cure offered to the nobility or wealthy merchant class. Another remedy was eating or drinking a small quantity of crushed emeralds. The physician would grind the emeralds with a mortar and pestle and then administer it to the patient as a fine powder mixed with either food or water. Those wh...
Those not wishing to bathe in urine, be smeared with feces, or try the other cures, left the affected region or city, but this option was usually only available to the wealthy. The Italian poet and writer Giovanni Boccaccio (l. 1313-1375 CE) describes the flight of ten affluent young people from Florence to a countryside villa during the plague in ...
That standard, for the most part, was set by the medieval Churchwhich informed the worldview of the majority of the population of Europe at the time. Religious cures were the most common and, besides the public flagellation mentioned above, took the form of purchasing religious amulets and charms, prayer, fasting, attending mass, persecuting those ...
The only effective means of stopping the spread of the plague – though not curing it – was separating the sick from the well through quarantine. The port city of Ragusa (modern-day Dubrovnik, Croatia), at that time under the control of Venice, was the first to initiate this practice through a 30-day isolation period imposed on arriving ships. Ragus...
As the plague raged on, other measures were attempted such as washing money with vinegar, fumigating letters and documents with incense, and encouraging people to think positive thoughts as it seemed to become clear that a patient's general attitude greatly affected the chances of survival. None of these proved as effective as separating the infect...
- Joshua J. Mark
- Paris was very vulnerable to the plague. Before the epidemic, Paris was the most populated city of western Europe. Yet it was small in size, limited by the city walls built in 1200 even if the city had started to grow outside of them.
- The plague killed a third of the inhabitants. The plague reached Paris through Normandy in August 1348. It developed in the city, changed, reach a last peak of mortality in 1349 before a sudden decline.
- There was two kinds of plague. The plague was not called the Black Death before the XIXth century. It manifested in two different shapes: the bubonic plague and the pneumonic plague.
- The plague was considered a divine punishment. Religion was everywhere in medieval mentalities. Many events were interpreted as the revelation of the divine wills.
Jan 12, 2023 · xi, 180 pages : 22 cm This new edition continues to provide a fascinating account of the plague that ravaged the world in the fourteenth century.
By 1350, it had made it to Scotland. Estimates suggest as much as half the population died. The Black Death affected the way people thought about life in many different ways. Some lived lives perceived to be wild or immoral, others fell into deep despair, whilst many chose to accept their fate.
The Black Death was an epidemic of various contagious diseases, bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic, all caused by the same bacillus, pasteurella pestis, a combination of which raged throughout Europe between 1348 and 1350. It was the worst plague experienced since the sixth century.
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A comprehensive introduction providing background on the origins and spread of the Black Death is followed by nearly 50 documents covering the responses of medical practitioners; the social and economic impact; religious responses.
