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The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Marxist–Leninist regime in Poland after the end of World War II.These years, while featuring general industrialization, urbanization and many improvements in the standard of living, were marred by early Stalinist repressions, social unrest, political strife and severe economic difficulties.
The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy . The roots of Polish history can be traced to ancient ...
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- Gomułka Period
- Gierek Era
- End of Communist Rule
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De-Stalinization
The Polish Communists were divided into two informal factions, named Natolin and Puławy after the locations where they held their meetings: the Palace of Natolin near Warsaw and Puławska Street in Warsaw. Natolin consisted largely of ethnic Poles of peasant origin who in large part had spent the war in occupied Poland, and had a peculiar nationalistic-communistic ideology. Headed by Władysław Gomułka, the faction underlined the national character of Polish local communist movement. Puławy fac...
National communism
Poland welcomed Gomułka's rise to power with relief. Many Poles still rejected communism, but they knew that the realities of Soviet dominance dictated that Poland could not escape from communist rule. Gomułka promised an end to police terror, greater intellectual and religious freedom, higher wages and the reversal of collectivization, and to a certain extent he indeed fulfilled all of these promises.The January 1957 elections were more liberal than previous communist elections but still no...
Gierek, like Gomułka in 1956, came to power on a raft of promises that previous mistakes would be corrected: wages would rise, prices would remain stable, there would be freedom of speech, and those responsible for the violence at Gdynia and elsewhere would be punished. Although Poles were much more cynical than they had been in 1956, Gierek was be...
The Gdańsk Agreement, an aftermath of the August 1980 labor strike, was an important milestone. It led to the formation of an independent trade union, "Solidarity" (Polish Solidarność), founded in September 1980 and originally led by Lech Wałęsa. In the 1980s, it helped form a broad anti-Communist social movement, with members ranging from people a...
Ash, Timothy Garton. The Polish Revolution: Solidarity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0300095686Barker, Colin (ed.). Revolutionary Rehearsals. Haymarket Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1931859028Billstein, Reinhold, Karola Fings, Anita Kugler, and Nicholas Levis (eds.). Working for the Enemy: Ford, General Motors, and Forced Labor in Germany During the Second World War. Berghahn Books, 200...Borejsza, Jerzy W., and Klaus Ziemer (eds.). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe: Short and Long-term Perspectives. Berghahn Books, 2006. ISBN 1571816410All links retrieved January 24, 2024. 1. Brief History of Poland Institute of National Remembrance 2. A Brief Timeline of Modern Polish History Library of Congress 3. A post-war war. The years of 1944–1963 in Poland Warsaw Institute
Mar 3, 2023 · 1921: Peace of Riga ends the Soviet-Polish War, ending Poland’s conflicts with its neighbours. 1922: Republic of Central Lithuania becomes part of Poland. 1924: Further territorial changes between Czechoslovakia and Poland. 1938: Czech half of Cieszyn, was annexed by Poland in 1938 following the Munich Agreement and First Vienna Award.
1921 The Modern Polish constitution was formed. Poland was a republic (until 1926), the national bank reformed, mining was developed in Silesia and the construction of the first Polish port in Gdynia took place. The country was unstable though. The first President, Narutowicz, was assassinated in Warsaw one year later.
The Pomeranian parts of the former eastern territories of Germany had been under Polish rule several times from the late 10th century on, when Mieszko I acquired at least significant parts of them.
The 123 years during which Poland existed only as a partitioned land had a profound impact on the Polish psyche. Moreover, major 19th-century developments such as industrialization and modernization were uneven in Poland and proved to be a mixed blessing. Growing Polish nationalism was by necessity that of an oppressed nation and displayed the ...
