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12th century
- The Portuguese language began to be used regularly in documents and poetry around the 12th century. Unlike neighboring Romance languages that adopted formal orthographies by the 18th century, the Portuguese language did not have a uniform spelling standard until the 20th century.
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Portuguese orthography is based on the Latin alphabet and makes use of the acute accent, the circumflex accent, the grave accent, the tilde, and the cedilla to denote stress, vowel height, nasalization, and other sound changes. The diaeresis was abolished by the last Orthography Agreement.
In 1990, an orthographic agreement was reached between the Portuguese-language countries with the intent of creating a single common orthography for Portuguese. This spelling reform went into effect in Brazil on January 1, 2009.
Standard Portuguese alphabet is based on the Latin and consists of 23 letters, having also letters with diacritical marks, which are not independent letters. These are: Á, Â, Ã, À, Ç, É, Ê, Í, Ó, Ô, Õ, Ú and Ü. In addition to there are digraphs nh, lh, ch, ss. Letters K, W and Y are used in foreign loan words.
History of Portuguese. The Portuguese language developed in the Western Iberian Peninsula from Latin spoken by Roman soldiers and colonists starting in the 3rd century BC. Old Portuguese, also known as Medieval Galician, began to diverge from other Romance languages after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Germanic invasions, also ...
May 27, 2017 · After the Portuguese Republic was established in 1911, a lot of efforts were put into standardisation of Portugal's orthography, for a very noble reason of increasing literacy of its people. It's rather interesting that unlike French and Spanish, Portuguese actually had no official spelling until 1911, and people literally wrote at will.
How the Reform Came About. In 1911, the brand new Portuguese Republic was eager to make the literacy rate of its residents better. To do this, they hired philologists to create a standard orthography for Portuguese. Orthography is defined as the conventional spelling system of a language.
Drafted during the 1980s, signed in December 1990, the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement was regarded as the first firm step to unify the Portuguese, currently spoken by over 270 million people. Through a process with advances and setbacks, the reformed Portuguese orthography became mandatory in three of the nine Lusophone Commonwealth ...
