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- Benedict XVI 's renunciation of the papacy took effect on 28 February 2013 at 20:00 (8:00 pm) CET (19:00 UTC), after being announced on the morning of 11 February by the Vatican.
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Rome and what was left of the Papal States were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy as a result of a plebiscite the following October. This marked the definitive end of the Papal States.
Gregory XII (1406–1415) resigned in 1415 in order to end the Western Schism, which had reached the point where there were three claimants to the papal throne: Roman Pope Gregory XII, Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII, and Pisan Antipope John XXIII.
The dispute ended when the pope's legate excommunicated Michael I Cerularius and, in exchange, he excommunicated the pope—who by then was already dead, due to sickness. This event resulted in the separation of the churches.
Oct 7, 2021 · Despite the controversy, most U.S. Catholics are unaware of Pope Francis’ recent actions, with roughly two-thirds saying they have heard “nothing at all” about the new restrictions, according to a Pew Research Center survey of adults conducted Sept. 20-26, 2021.
- Gregory A. Smith
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Mar 12, 2018 · Oddo of Colonna took the name Martin V in 1417. An antipope, Ottaviano of Monticello called himself Victor IV (1159 – 1164) instead of Victor V. He did so, the Annuario speculates, because a previous antipope Victor IV (1138) reigned only two months before spontaneously submitting to Innocent II.
May 24, 2019 · Elected: May 17, 352. Resigned: Unknown . Died: September 24, 366. By the mid-fourth century, Christianity had become the official religion of the empire. However, emperor Constantius II was an Arian Christian, and Arianism was considered heresy by the papacy.
