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Apr 19, 2024 · The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in central Greece at the mountain pass of Thermopylae in 480 BCE during the Persian Wars. After three days resisting the much larger Persian army of Xerxes I, Greek forces were betrayed by Ephialtes and sent into retreat by their leader, Leonidas, who died during a final stand.
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The Battle of Thermopylae ( / θərˈmɒpɪliː / thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought in 480 BC between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes I and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta under Leonidas I. Lasting over the course of three days, it was one of the most prominent battles of both the s...
- Context: The Persian Wars
- The Pass of Thermopylae
- Hoplites vs Archers
- Battle
- Last Stand
- The Aftermath
By the first years of the 5th century BCE, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, under the rule of Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE), was already expanding into mainland Europe and had subjugated Thrace and Macedonia. Next in King Darius' sights were Athens and the rest of Greece. Just why Greece was coveted by Persia is unclear. Wealth and resources seem an unli...
When news of the invading force reached Greece, the initial Greek reaction was to send a force of 10,000 hoplites to hold position at the valley of Tempē near Mt. Olympos, but these withdrew when the massive size of the invading army was revealed. Then after much discussion and compromise between Greek city-states, suspicious of each others' motive...
The two opposing armies were essentially representative of the two approaches to Classical warfare - Persian warfare favoured long-range assault using archers followed up with a cavalry charge, whilst the Greeks favoured heavily-armoured hoplites, arranged in a densely packed formation called the phalanx, with each man carrying a heavy round bronze...
On the first day, Xerxes sent his Median and Kissian troops, and after their failure to clear the pass, the elite Immortals entered the battle but in the brutal close-quarter fighting, the Greeks held firm. The Greek tactic of feigning a disorganised retreat and then turning on the enemy in the phalanx formation also worked well, lessening the thre...
The Spartan king, on the third day of the battle, rallied his small force - the survivors from the original Spartan 300, 700 Thespians and 400 Thebans - and made a rearguard stand to defend the pass to the last man in the hope of delaying the Persians progress, in order to allow the rest of the Greek force to retreat or also possibly to await relie...
The battle of Thermopylae, and particularly the Spartans' role in it, soon acquired mythical status amongst the Greeks. Free men, in respect of their own laws, had sacrificed themselves in order to defend their way of life against foreign aggression. As Simonedes' epitaph at the site of the fallen stated: 'Go tell the Spartans, you who read: We too...
- Mark Cartwright
In 480 BC, an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta faced an enormous invading Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae. The Persians, led by King Xerxes, had a numerical advantage of over 2:1 and expected an easy victory. However, while the Persians did eventually defeat the defenders, it was certainly not easy.
Mar 12, 2019 · The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between 300 Spartans and the Persian Empire in 480 BCE. Read the timeline, dates, and events here.
May 9, 2023 · Who Won the Battle of Thermopylae? A monument depicting the Spartans at Thermopylae, via the Smithsonian Magazine The Battle of Thermopylae was a pyrrhic victory for the Persians.
In the Battle of Thermopylae of 480 B.C.E. [1] an alliance of Greek city-states fought the invading Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae. Vastly outnumbered, the Greeks delayed the enemy in one of the most famous last stands of history.
