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- Berengario, who died around 1530 in Ferrara, should be remembered for his catalyzing role in the transmutation of medieval morphological knowledge into a modern anatomical science based upon direct observation and experimental demonstration.
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Berengario, who died around 1530 in Ferrara, should be remembered for his catalyzing role in the transmutation of medieval morphological knowledge into a modern anatomical science based upon direct observation and experimental demonstration.
Berengaria ( c. 1164/5– c. 1230), queen of Richard I. The daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre, Berengaria was married to Richard in an alliance intended to protect his southern frontiers while he was occupied on the Third Crusade.
- Birth and Early Life
- The Crusades – and Richard
- Berengaria’S Married Life
- Dower Queen of England
Berengaria was born in c.1163/65 in Navarre, eldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre. She evidently met Prince Richard of England at a tournament in Pamplona, and fell in love with him then. He was at the time betrothed to Alys of France, daughter of Louis VII. Little is known of Berengaria’s early life, except that she was supposedly beautiful and...
Despite being in her seventies, Eleanor brought Berengaria across the Pyrenees to meet Richard who had embarked on the Third Crusade. At Messina in Sicily, they were joined by Richard’s sister Joanna, the recently widowed Queen of Sicily. They arrived during Lent, when it was impossible to marry. Berengaria and Joanna followed the crusaders and the...
Joanna and Berengaria accompanied Richard to Acre, and when the Crusade failed in 1192 she returned to Europe with her sister-in-law. It has been debated whether or not Richard and Berengaria ever consummated their marriage – there were rumours that Richard was homosexual and more interested in his wife’s brother; Berengaria could have been barren;...
As Queen she never set foot in England, and has been historically remembered that way. Richard himself however only spent three months there during their marriage. It is probable that she visited England during her widowhood, and she certainly sent emissaries to King John to enquire about her dower payments. John typically demurred, and Berengaria ...
But Berengario was an eager and tireless observer, and he is considered to be the author of the first anatomical illustrations made from nature. His first illustrated work was Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super anatomiam Mundini , a commentary on Mondino's Anatomia , published in Bologna in 1521.
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