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  1. www.tandfonline.com › doi › fullChanging civil–military relations in Japan: 2009–2012

    Jun 22, 2020 · After WWII, Japan established a unique system of civil–military relations and civilian control of its Self-Defense Forces (JSDF), characterised by bureaucratic rather than political control. For more than half a century, military influence on defence policymaking had been comparably low, depriving political leaders of a critical source of ...

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  2. www.reddit.com › r › AskHistoriansWas the Japanese civilian populace willing and able ... - Reddit

    Japanese leaders certainly expected civilians to take part in the final defense of the Japanese mainland. On 23 March 1945, the cabinet authorized the creation of the People's Volunteer Corps (Kokumin giyūtai), which would allow civilian volunteers (under military command) to engage in war-related duties like firefighting, fortification construction, and food production.

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  4. www.vox.com › 2019/4/30 › 18100066The rise of Japan’s militarism - Vox

    Apr 30, 2019 · The rise of Japanese militarism. What the growth and change of Japan’s armed forces means for the world. Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force escort ship “Kurama” leads other vessels during a ...

  5. worldhistory.us › military-history › the-growth-ofThe Growth of Militarism in Japan from 1868 to 1941

    May 31, 2017 · Beginnings. Historians trace the initial stages of the rise of the Japanese military to 1868 when the last Shogun was overthrown and the emperor was reinstated as the supreme ruler of the land. This is called the Meiji (Enlightened Rule) Restoration. Two factors set off the start of the martial growth: fear of Western imperialism and the makeup ...

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  7. www.cfr.org › backgrounder › japan-and-its-militaryJapan and Its Military | Council on Foreign Relations

    Apr 13, 2006 · Japan’s SDF currently has more than 240,000 personnel—all technically civilians, in accordance with the 1954 law establishing the SDF. Its annual budget is nearly $50 billion, divided among ...

    • Lee Hudson Teslik

  8. www.historynet.com › the-rise-of-militaristicThe Rise of Militaristic Nationalism - HistoryNet

    Aug 19, 1996 · Japan’s military had a number of advantages over the civilian government and did not hesitate to exploit them. Despite its factions and intrigues, the military possessed an overall unity of purpose based on centuries-old xenophobia, a distaste for civilian rule, and modern Asia’s first victories over Western imperialist powers.

  9. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Volunteer_Fighting_CorpsVolunteer Fighting Corps - Wikipedia

    Militia, Civil Defence. Volunteer Fighting Corps (国民義勇戦闘隊, Kokumin Giyū Sentōtai) were armed civil defense units planned in 1945 in the Empire of Japan as a last desperate measure to defend the Japanese home islands against the projected Allied invasion during Operation Downfall ( Ketsugo Sakusen) in the final stages of World ...

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