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Poedjosoedarmo (1979) and Errington (1988) (as cited in Sukarno, 2010) suggest that there are three levels: Ngoko, Krama Madya, and Krama Inggil. Ngoko may express the lowest level of politeness and it is considered as the basic level.
the Speech Levels Speech levels in Javanese constitute a system for showing 1) the degree of formality, and 2) the degree of respect felt by the speaker toward the addressee. The greater the degree of respect and formality in an utterance, the greater the polite ness shown. Since the degree of politeness expressed by a
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Javanese sentences are traditionally sorted into one of three speech levels, called Ngoko, Madya, and Krama. The choice between these three levels indexes the relationship between the speaker and addressee, with status, age, and intimacy the primary factors determining the choice between the levels (Wolff and Poedjosoedarmo 1982; Clynes 1989).
9. Ngoko-lugu (Ng L) The choice of one of the three main sentence levels (Ngoko, Mady5, or Krom5) is determined principally by the degree of for-mality between the speaker and the addressee: if the relation-
Jan 29, 2019 · Then the five speech levels in detail are divided into 13 levels, namely: ngoko lugu; ngoko andhap between bases; ngoko andhap basa antya; madyo ngoko; madyatara; madyakrama; mudokrama; between; wredakrama; krama inggil; krama deso; kedaton or bagongan bases and crude bases.
Another linguistic development associated with the rise of Mataram is the stratification of Javanese into speech levels such as ngoko and krama, which were unknown in Old Javanese. Books in Javanese have been printed since 1830s, at first using the Javanese script, although the Latin alphabet started to be used later. Since mid-19th century ...
The results of research on the types of Javanese speech levels used by students at SD Negeri Kedungreja 02 are four types, namely ngoko lugu, ngoko alus, krama lugu, and krama alus. Factors that affect the use of Javanese speech level are: Setting and Scene, Participant, Ends, Act Sequence, Key, Instrumentalies, Norm, and Genres.
