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- Sweden suffered severely during the early years of the Great Depression. In the early 1930s unemployment rose, and reductions in wages caused a series of harsh labour conflicts.
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Feb 16, 2017 · 1. The Swedish response to the crisis of the 1930s has received a great deal of international attention from economic historians, political scientists and historical sociologists. Many saw in it th...
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- Overview
- Sweden in the 20th century
- Political reform
- Defense policy
- Swedish policy during World War I
- The Liberal–Social Democratic coalition
- Swedish foreign policy (1918–45)
- The Swedish welfare state
The economic expansion that started in the early 19th century laid the foundations for internal developments in Sweden during the 20th century. The turning point came during and immediately after World War I. There was suddenly a worldwide demand for Swedish products such as steel and pulp, matches and ball bearings, telephones and vacuum cleaners....
The economic expansion that started in the early 19th century laid the foundations for internal developments in Sweden during the 20th century. The turning point came during and immediately after World War I. There was suddenly a worldwide demand for Swedish products such as steel and pulp, matches and ball bearings, telephones and vacuum cleaners....
Politically, the economic development meant that a universal and equal franchise was more and more vociferously demanded. The issue was solved in 1907 by a compromise submitted by a Conservative government under the leadership of Arvid Lindman. The motion granted a universal and equal franchise for the second chamber, a certain democratization of t...
One of the most important points of Liberal policy in 1911 was a decrease in military expenditure. The realization of this demand led to sharp conflicts between Gustav V and Staaff. As the tension between the Great Powers grew, a farmers’ rally was organized, and 30,000 farmers from all over the country sought out the king and demanded that the cou...
During World War I, Sweden attempted to remain neutral and to assert its right to trade with the belligerent countries. For Great Britain, the blockade was an important weapon, and Sweden’s demand to import freely favoured Germany exclusively. As a result, the Allies stopped a large percentage of Sweden’s trade. This, however, not only affected Swe...
In the general election of 1917, the left-wing parties (the Social Democrats and Liberals) secured a further increase in their majority in the second chamber, and the king was obliged to choose a Liberal–Social Democratic government. Under Nils Edén, the new government, as one of its first measures, amended the constitution. The main issues were su...
When World War I ended, Russia and Germany were among the defeated nations, and Sweden thus found itself in an unusually good position regarding external security. In 1925, military expenditure was considerably reduced. Problems regarding foreign policy were confined to Sweden’s application for membership in the League of Nations, which was granted in 1920, and to its relationship with Finland.
When the Finnish Civil War ended in 1918, the problem of Åland reemerged. The inhabitants of the Åland Islands (Finnish: Ahvenanmaa) were purely Swedish-speaking, and a plebiscite revealed that almost all were in favour of affiliation with Sweden. The League of Nations, however, decided in 1921 to award Finland sovereignty over the islands, though with certain conditions pertaining to internal self-government and limiting the right to fortify or otherwise utilize the islands for military purposes.
Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in Germany resulted in a reexamination of Sweden’s defense policy, which in 1936 was amended to strengthen the country’s defenses. Sweden followed a strictly neutral course, in close collaboration with the other Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland. As a consequence, Hitler’s proposal in the spring of 1939 for a nonaggression pact was rejected. Sweden’s attempt to form a Nordic defense union or, failing that, a Swedish-Finnish alliance led to nothing, primarily because the Soviet Union objected.
On the outbreak of war in 1939, Sweden declared itself neutral. When the Soviet Union shortly afterward launched an attack on Finland, Sweden gave Finland aid in the form of vast matériel and a volunteer corps. On the other hand, Sweden, in common with Norway, refused the Allies’ request to march through its territory in order to intervene in the war. After the German occupation of Denmark and Norway in 1940, however, Sweden was forced by German military superiority to allow the transit of German troops through Sweden to Norway. Many Norwegians and Danes sought refuge in Sweden, the majority of them with the intention of fleeing to England. When Germany attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941, transit facilities were demanded for a division of German troops from Norway to Finland, and Sweden acquiesced under threat of military reprisals. In 1943 the agreement concerning the transit of German troops was revoked. Toward the end of the war, Norwegian and Danish police were trained and equipped in Sweden. Immediately after the war, Sweden was granted membership in the United Nations, without having relinquished its principally neutral foreign policy.
The coalition government that was formed in 1939 was replaced shortly after the end of the war in 1945 by a Social Democratic government under the leadership of Per Albin Hansson. After his death in 1946, Tage Erlander became prime minister, a post that he held until his resignation in 1969. He was succeeded by Olof Palme, who took over the leaders...
Apr 16, 2020 · This also happened in Sweden. It seems that Sweden and Finland forgot the lessons from the 1930s that letting unemployment rise despite the international economic recession may have disastrous consequences, as it did incrementally after the mid-1970s.
4 days ago · Great Depression, worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions, macroeconomic policy, and economic theory.
Apr 8, 2024 · The Great Depression in Europe gave the Nazis an advantage: their foes were underprepared for conflict in 1939. Indeed, when Germany did strike westward, it defeated France in only six weeks. The sight of German soldiers marching in Paris was a shock to the world, as France had been one of the world’s foremost powers.
- Owen Rust
This paper examined the economic policy of Sweden during the Great Depression. The primary question was to find out which factors contributed to the relatively mild course of the crisis. Accordingly, the first chapter outlined the basic condition the Swedish economy was in prior to the crisis.
Sep 17, 2017 · In the 1910s, conflicts within Swedish society had centred on the struggle over democracy, but conflicts in the interwar years centred more on labour disputes. In the early 1920s, Sweden was hit hard by a deep post-war depression. In 1921, unemployment levels reached 26 percent of the workforce.
