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From Proto-Indo-European, the Proto-Italic present aspect changed in a couple of ways. Firstly, a new past indicative suffix of * -β- was created. This likely occurred due to the elision of word-final *i within the Indo-European primary verb endings (E.g. PIE Present Indicative *h₁ésti > PIt * est , but also PIE Past Indicative *h₁ést ).
The verb fīō comes from (the zero-grade of) the PIE root * bhuH-, "to become". This led to a Proto-Italic verb * fui-. In Proto-Italic, the phoneme * f is thought to have been a bilabial fricative, voiceless [ɸ] at the start of a word and voiced [β] everywhere else. Somewhere around Proto-Italic, this verb * fui- started to be used for ...
While the interpretation of the script is difficult, it seems that it might have been closely related to the Latino-Faliscan, Sabellian, or Ausonian branches, which would place the language into the Italic trunk (Hartmann 2017). 4.7.2. Schleicher’s fable in Proto-Italic
8.2 Evidence for the Italic Branch . Positing Proto-Italic as the superordinate node of Latin, Venetic, and Sabellic is not uncontroversial, though it is supported by substantial phonological and morphological evidence: the merger of *bʰ-and *dʰ-as *f-, Footnote 11 the gerundive in *-nd-, the ipf. subj. *-sē-, the ipf. *-βā-(the more probative morphological features are unattested in the ...
Marstrander thought the proto-form of the superlative suffix was *-sm̥mo-and of “haute antiquité” [“remote antiquity”], hence a shared inheritance.But we know today, thanks to Warren Cowgill, that the proto-form was in fact *-ism̥mo-and it is certain that *-ism̥mo-replaces the earlier superlative formant *-isto-continued by Greek, Indo-Iranian, and Germanic, which was inherited ...
The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family, originally spoken by Italic peoples. They include Latin and its descendants (the Romance languages) as well as a number of extinct languages of the Italian Peninsula, including Umbrian, Oscan, Faliscan, South Picene, and possibly Venetic and Sicel. With over 800 million native speakers, the Italic languages are the ...
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2.1 Main Typological Features and Parts of Speech. Indo-European languages of the most archaic type (best represented by Ancient Greek and the two Old Indo-Iranian languages Old Indic—in particular the Vedic variety—and Avestan) have rich fusional morphologies with predominant use of suffixation and ablaut (i.e., alternation involving vowels or vowel-sonorant sequences) as formal devices ...
