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Resistance to Civil Government, also called On the Duty of Civil Disobedience or Civil Disobedience for short, is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849.
…his most famous essay, “Civil Disobedience,” which was first published in May 1849 under the title “Resistance to Civil Government.” The essay received little attention until the 20th century, when it found an eager audience with the American civil rights movement.
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The lecture was published under the title "Resistance to Civil Government" in Elizabeth Peabody's Aesthetic Papers, in May 1849. It was included (as "Civil Disobedience") in Thoreau's A Yankee in Canada, with Anti-Slavery and Reform Papers, published in Boston in 1866 by Ticknor and Fields, and reprinted many times.
Nathaniel Hawthorne ’s niece, Elizabeth Peabody, published the lecture in her periodical, Aesthetic Papers, a year later under a new title, “Resistance to Civil Government.”. Thoreau created the new title for this first publication of his essay. The essay would not be republished until after Thoreau’s death in 1862.
"Resistance to Civil Government" (often titled "Civil Disobedience") was neither the first nor the last of Thoreau's writings on social and political reform.
It is thought that this night in jail prompted Thoreau to write Civil Disobedience. Thoreau delivered the first draft of the treatise in which he publicly expounded his reasons for resisting state authority as an oration to the Concord Lyceum in 1848. The text was published in 1849 under the title Resistance to Civil Government.
Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient. The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government.
