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Leucippus is the earliest figure whose commitment to atomism is well attested and he is usually credited with inventing atomism. He and other ancient Greek atomists theorized that nature consists of two fundamental principles : atom and void .
Atomism, any doctrine that explains complex phenomena in terms of aggregates of fixed particles or units. This philosophy has found its most successful application in natural science: according to the atomistic view, the material universe is composed of minute particles, which are considered to be.
Jun 30, 2005 · Atomism was rejected by leading scientists and philosophers such as Wilhelm Ostwald, Pierre Duhem and Ernst Mach up to the end of the nineteenth century and beyond. By that time atomism had been extended from chemistry and the kinetic theory to offer explanations in stereochemistry, electro-chemistry, spectroscopy and so on.
In 1860, James Clerk Maxwell, who was a vocal proponent of atomism, was the first to use statistical mechanics in physics. Ludwig Boltzmann and Rudolf Clausius expanded his work on gases and the laws of thermodynamics especially the second law relating to entropy.
The experiments of the British physicist Ernest Rutherford in the early 20th century on the scattering of alpha particles from a thin gold foil established the Rutherford atomic model of an atom as consisting of a central, positively charged nucleus containing nearly all the mass and surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged planetlike electrons.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Aug 23, 2005 · Although the modern term ‘atom’ derives from the ancient Greek adjective atomos, which literally means ‘uncuttable’, it is possible that the first theories we can describe as atomist were developed in classical Indian philosophy.
Dec 17, 2007 · The Historical Development of Leibniz’s Physics. 2. Leibniz on matter. 2.1 The critique of atomism. 2.2 The critique of Cartesian corpuscularianism. 2.3 The passive powers of bodies. 3. Leibniz’s Dynamics. 3.1 A Brief Demonstration. 3.2 Physics and active forces. 3.3 Forces and Metaphysics. 4. Leibniz on the Laws of Motion.
