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- Indeed, social workers were central players in civil rights activism in the late 1950s and 1960s, with notable figures including the civil rights advocate Dorothy Height, known reverently as “the godmother of the civil rights movement,” and the activist Lester Blackwell Granger, who alongside Martin Luther King, Jr. met with President Eisenhower to make recommendations for new civil rights policy.
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Sep 17, 2017 · The film chronicles Huerta's evolution from a teenager outraged by the racial and economic injustices she saw in California's agricultural Central Valley to a key architect of the nationwide...
- Ida B. Wells. 1862-1931. As a dedicated journalist and feminist, Ida B. Wells used investigative reporting to shed light on the horrors of the lynching of Black Americans in the Jim Crow South.
- Mary Church Terrell. 1863-1954. A graduate of Oberlin College, Mary Church Terrell used her status as a member of the upper-class Black community to promote the advancement of her people through activism and education.
- W.E.B. Du Bois. 1868-1963. Du Bois was a sociologist, historian, and editor who cofounded the NAACP in 1909. In addition to serving on the board of directors and as a director of publicity and research, the Harvard graduate was also founder and editor of the NAACP’s magazine The Crisis.
- Roy Wilkins. 1901-1981. Roy Wilkins was the executive director of the NAACP before stepping down in 1977. He was dedicated to nonviolence and prioritized using legal avenues to fight for change, such as leading the organization during the successful Brown v. Board of Education case and more.
- Jim Crow Laws
- World War II and Civil Rights
- Rosa Parks
- Little Rock Nine
- Civil Rights Act of 1957
- Sit-In at Woolworth's Lunch Counter
- Freedom Riders
- March on Washington
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Bloody Sunday
During Reconstruction, Black people took on leadership roles like never before. They held public office and sought legislative changes for equality and the right to vote. In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution gave Black people equal protection under the law. In 1870, the 15th Amendmentgranted Black American men the right to vote. Still, m...
Prior to World War II, most Black people worked as low-wage farmers, factory workers, domestics or servants. By the early 1940s, war-related work was booming, but most Black Americans weren’t given better-paying jobs. They were also discouraged from joining the military. After thousands of Black people threatened to march on Washington to demand eq...
On December 1, 1955, a 42-year-old woman named Rosa Parksfound a seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus after work. Segregation laws at the time stated Black passengers must sit in designated seats at the back of the bus, and Parks complied. When a white man got on the bus and couldn’t find a seat in the white section at the front of the bus, the bus dr...
In 1954, the civil rights movement gained momentum when the United States Supreme Court made segregation illegal in public schools in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. In 1957, Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas asked for volunteers from all-Black high schools to attend the formerly segregated school. On September 4, 1957, nine Bla...
Even though all Americans had gained the right to vote, many southern states made it difficult for Black citizens. They often required prospective voters of color to take literacy tests that were confusing, misleading and nearly impossible to pass. Wanting to show a commitment to the civil rights movement and minimize racial tensions in the South, ...
Despite making some gains, Black Americans still experienced blatant prejudice in their daily lives. On February 1, 1960, four college students took a stand against segregation in Greensboro, North Carolina when they refused to leave a Woolworth’s lunch counter without being served. Over the next several days, hundreds of people joined their cause ...
On May 4, 1961, 13 “Freedom Riders”—seven Black and six white activists–mounted a Greyhound bus in Washington, D.C., embarking on a bus tour of the American south to protest segregated bus terminals. They were testing the 1960 decision by the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginiathat declared the segregation of interstate transportation facilities u...
Arguably one of the most famous events of the civil rights movement took place on August 28, 1963: the March on Washington. It was organized and attended by civil rights leaders such as A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustinand Martin Luther King Jr. More than 200,000 people of all races congregated in Washington, D. C. for the peaceful march with the m...
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964—legislation initiated by President John F. Kennedy before his assassination—into law on July 2 of that year. King and other civil rights activists witnessed the signing. The law guaranteed equal employment for all, limited the use of voter literacy tests and allowed federal authorities...
On March 7, 1965, the civil rights movement in Alabama took an especially violent turn as 600 peaceful demonstrators participated in the Selma to Montgomery marchto protest the killing of Black civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson by a white police officer and to encourage legislation to enforce the 15th amendment. As the protesters neared the ...
Feb 9, 2010 · Michael Schwerner, who arrived in Mississippi as a CORE field worker in January 1964, aroused the animosity of white supremacists after he organized a successful boycott of a variety store in the...
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Jan 12, 2005 · In many Southern towns, its field organizers were the first professional civil rights workers to arrive. Mr. Forman's job was to keep a haphazard organization of idealistic young leftists...
Feb 28, 2008 · The North Carolina-born historian laments “the erasure of the first civil rights movement,” which started in the 1920s. It was the one informed by labor radicalism, internationalist views of civil rights, and even by Communism, the only ideology, she said, in the years after World War I that seemed to champion racial equality.
That year, several important artifacts from across the country were donated to the Smithsonian Institution to commemorate 100 years of professional social work in the United States. Social work pioneer Jane Addams was one of the first women to receive a Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded in 1931. Known best for establishing settlement houses ...
