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5 days ago · By the late 1780s, 87% of the sugar, 95% of the coffee, and 76% of the indigo imported to Bordeaux from the Caribbean was being re-exported. Cádiz was the commercial hub for export of French printed fabrics to India, the Americas and the Antilles (coffee, sugar, tobacco, American cotton), and Africa (the slave trade), centered in Nantes.
2 days ago · The French Revolution [a] was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, [1] while its values and institutions ...
5 days ago · The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN: 9780199639748; 704pp.; Price: £95.00. The historiography of the French Revolution is a diverse and ever expanding field. It is an eminently useful idea to produce a guide to it, though not one Oxford University Press is alone in having.
3 days ago · The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions and their inventors, where known.
4 days ago · The number of books published in the German lands alone rose from around 1,000 per year in 1700 to over 5,000 annually by the 1780s. This intellectual ferment unleashed by the Enlightenment laid the groundwork for the next two centuries of scientific, economic, social, and political progress.
5 days ago · Crime, Justice, and Discretion in England 1740-1820. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN: 9780198229100; 396pp.; Price: £118.00. Crime and the law, particularly during the period of the Hanoverian Bloody Code, has been a popular area of research for a quarter of a century.
3 days ago · The rate then increased yearly to £11,908 in 1820-1. Perhaps because of the effects of the St Luke Chelsea Poor Rates Act it then fell, to £8,316 in 1824, but from 1825 to 1835 it fluctuated between £10,608 (1826) and £15,625 (1832). Actual expenditure on the poor was sharply reduced from £9,000 in 1835 to £6,507 in 1836. (fn. 108)
