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Sodium hydroxide, kent as caustic soda an aw, [1] [2] or lye, is an inorganic compoond wi the chemical formula NaOH (written as NaHO an aw). It is a white solit, an is a heichly caustic metallic base an alkali saut. It is available in pellets, flakes, granules, an as prepared solutions at a nummer o different concentrations. [4]
Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O), also known as washing soda, is the most common hydrate of sodium carbonate containing 10 molecules of water of crystallization. Soda ash is dissolved in water and crystallized to get washing soda. It is one of the few metal carbonates that is soluble in water.
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca 2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water. It has many names including hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slaked lime, cal, and pickling lime.
Drain cleaners usually contain a strong base such as sodium hydroxide that decomposes hair and converts fats into water-soluble products. The reaction is exothermic, releasing heat to soften the fats. Drain cleaners can also contain aluminum, which reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce bubbles of hydrogen gas that help to break up the clog.
The residue or bauxite tailings, which is mostly iron oxide, is highly caustic due to residual sodium hydroxide. It was historically stored in lagoons; this led to the Ajka alumina plant accident in 2010 in Hungary, where a dam bursting led to the drowning of nine people. An additional 122 sought treatment for chemical burns.
Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical that is used as an effective source of aluminium hydroxide for many industrial and technical applications. Pure sodium aluminate ( anhydrous ) is a white crystalline solid having a formula variously given as NaAlO 2 , NaAl(OH) 4 ( hydrated ), [3] Na 2 O·Al 2 O 3 , or Na 2 Al 2 O 4 .
Sodium dithionite is a reducing agent. At pH 7, the potential is -0.66 V compared to the normal hydrogen electrode. Redox occurs with formation of bisulfite: [5] S 2 O 42- + 2 H 2 O → 2 HSO 3− + 2 e − + 2 H +. Sodium dithionite reacts with oxygen: Na 2 S 2 O 4 + O 2 + H 2 O → NaHSO 4 + NaHSO 3.
