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  1. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria, who were devout Catholics. In 1590, when Ferdinand was 11 years old, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in ...

  2. Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 - 10 June 1190) was born in 1122 in the monastery Weingarten. He was the son of Guelph Judith. Frederick had a cousin, called "Henry the Lion", who was his greatest enemy. In the year 1152, Frederick Barbarossa was crowned King of Germany.

  3. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was the consort of Maria Theresa of Austria. With his wife, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. From 1728 until 1737 he was Duke of Lorraine, but lost Lorraine when he had to give it to France.

  4. The Holy Roman Empire was established in 962 under Otto the Great. Later emperors were crowned by the pope or other Catholic bishops. In 1530 Charles V became the last Holy Roman emperor to be crowned by a pope, Clement VII, albeit in Bologna. Thereafter, until the abolition of the empire in 1806, no further crownings by the pope were held.

  5. Roman Catholicism. Signature. Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death in 1576. A member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, he was crowned King of Bohemia in Prague on 14 May 1562 and elected King of Germany ( King of the Romans) on 24 November 1562. On 8 September 1563 he was crowned ...

  6. Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor. Lothair III, sometimes numbered Lothair II [a] and also known as Lothair of Supplinburg (1075 – 4 December 1137), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death. He was appointed Duke of Saxony in 1106 and elected King of Germany in 1125 before being crowned emperor in Rome. The son of the Saxon count ...

  7. Louis IV was the son of Louis III, Elector Palatine and his second wife Matilda of Savoy. [1] His mother was a fourth-generation descendant of Thomas III of Piedmont (1248 - 1282), the eldest son of Thomas II of Savoy. [citation needed] From the death of Louis III in 1436 until 1442, Louis IV ruled under guardianship of his uncle, Count ...

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