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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [a] and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth [b] or the First Polish Republic, [c] [10] [11] was a bi- confederal [12] state, sometimes called a federation, [13] of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a ...
The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Marxist–Leninist regime in Poland after the end of World War II. These years, while featuring general industrialization, urbanization and many improvements in the standard of living, [a1] were marred by early Stalinist repressions, social unrest, political strife and severe economic ...
Dec 3, 2023 · The Second Polish Republic was mainly flat with average elevation of 233 metres (764 ft) above sea level, except for the southernmost Carpathian Mountains (after World War II and its border changes, the average elevation of Poland decreased to 173 metres (568 ft)). Only 13% of territory, along the southern border, was higher than 300 metres ...
Mar 3, 2023 · The new state includes most of Posen, Polish Corridor, part of eastern Upper Silesia. Poland also seizes territory from the West Ukrainian People’s Republic as part of the short Polish–Ukrainian War. 1920: Free City of Danzig created. 1920: Polish–Lithuanian War results in the creation of the short lived Republic of Central Lithuania.
e. From 1989 through 1991, Poland engaged in a democratic transition which put an end to the Polish People's Republic and led to the foundation of a democratic government, known as the Third Polish Republic ( Polish: III Rzeczpospolita Polska ), following the First and Second Polish Republic. After ten years of democratic consolidation, Poland ...
The national flag of Poland ( Polish: flaga Polski) consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red. The two colours are defined in the Polish constitution as the national colours. A variant of the flag with the national coat of arms in the middle of the white fess is legally reserved for official ...
Jan 14, 2024 · Second Polish Republic. Capital. Warsaw. Basic form of government. parliamentary republic (1919–1926) presidential system (1926–1939) single-party system. Legislative body. Sejm of the Republic of Poland.
