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German Reich (lit. German Realm, German Empire, from German: Deutsches Reich, pronounced [ˌdɔʏtʃəs ˈʁaɪç] ⓘ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 18 January 1871 to 5 June 1945. The Reich became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German Volk ...
The history of antisemitism, defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group, goes back many centuries, with antisemitism being called "the longest hatred". [1] Jerome Chanes identifies six stages in the historical development of antisemitism: [2]
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, [a] is the head of the federal government of Germany, and the commander-in-chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime. [b] The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch.
The history of German foreign policy covers diplomatic developments and international history since 1871.. Before 1866, Habsburg Austria and its German Confederation were the nominal leader in German affairs, but the Hohenzollern Kingdom of Prussia exercised increasingly dominant influence in German affairs, owing partly to its ability to participate in German Confederation politics through ...
Königsberg ( German: [ˈkøːnɪçsbɛʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'King's mountain', Polish: Królewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliaučius, Russian: Кёнигсберг, romanized : Kyonigsberg) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussian ...
History. Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1913) and the German Confederation created by the ...
Franconia (German: Franken) is a region that is not precisely defined, but which lies in the north of the Free State of Bavaria, parts of Baden-Württemberg and South Thuringia and Hesse in Germany. It is characterised by its own cultural and linguistic heritage. Its history began with the first recorded human settlement about 600,000 years ago.
