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Typhoid fever, often called typhoid, is rare in the United States, but it’s still common in some countries. About 5,700 people get sick with typhoid in the United States every year, usually after traveling to other countries. The typhoid vaccine can help prevent the disease.\ \ There are 2 types of typhoid vaccine:
Three typhoid vaccines are currently recommended by WHO for control of endemic and epidemic typhoid fever: an injectable typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), consisting of Vi polysaccharide antigen linked to a carrier protein licensed for children from 6 months of age and adults up to 45 years or 65 years of age (depending on the specific vaccine);
Pain from the shot, redness, or swelling at the site of the injection, fever, and headache, and general discomfort can happen after inactivated typhoid vaccine. Fever, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting can happen after live typhoid vaccine. People sometimes faint after medical procedures, including vaccination.
A large clinical trial in more than 200,000 school children compared the efficacy of 2, 3 and 4 doses of enteric-coated oral typhoid vaccine. 2 The study showed that 4 doses of the oral typhoid vaccine (administered every other day over 7 days) resulted in a significantly lower typhoid fever incidence than 3 doses.
Typhoid Fever Vaccines Three types of typhoid vaccines of demonstrated safety and efficacy are available on the international market:- a conjugated vaccine in which the Vi polysaccharide vaccine is bound to a carrier protein, a non-conjugated Vi polysaccharide vaccine, and a live attenuated Ty21a vaccine.
May 31, 2018 · A three‐dose schedule of Ty21a vaccine probably prevents around half of typhoid cases during the first three years after vaccination (cumulative efficacy 2.5 to 3 years: 50%, 95% CI 35% to 61%, 4 trials, 235,239 participants, moderate‐certainty evidence). These data include patients aged 3 to 44 years.
Although vaccination programs for typhoid have proven effective, they alone cannot eliminate typhoid fever. Combining vaccines with public-health efforts is the only proven way to control this disease. Since the 1990s, the WHO has recommended two typhoid fever vaccines. The ViPS vaccine is given by injection, and the Ty21a by capsules.
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