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1. Top results related to what are the function of dictionary in java code that contains

   • What all are the types of java files src/main/java and src/test/java contains in a maven project?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jun 20, 2020 · 1 votes

     This is a standard Maven Java project structure, those two folders basicly involves:

     src/main/java

     Inside this folder you can put all the application source files. Classes and packages for the main (real) artifact should be put in this folder. If the artifact is a jar file, all the classes and packages will be in the root folder of the generated jar, so it will be available by default on the runtime classpath.

     src/test/java

     Inside this folder you can put all the application test source files. Classes and packages for the test artifact should be put in this folder. All the content inside of this directory will NOT be put in the classpath of the generated artifact.

     (Based on: Maven Project Structure Example)

     The basic use of exisitng API is throughly documented within Selenium API Documentation, for example related Interface DriverFactory. I would assume that the initial project classes are some boilerplate code for making your testing process easier and more effective.

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   • What are the uses of inner classes in Java? Are nested classes and inner classes the same?

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     Answered Jun 20, 2020 · 13 votes

     No, they're not the same: an inner class is non-static.

     JLS 8.1.3 Inner Classes and Enclosing Instances

     An inner class is a nested class that is not explicitly or implicitly declared static.

     Consult also the following diagram from Joe Darcy:

     Joseph D. Darcy's Oracle Weblog - Nested, Inner, Member, and Top-Level Classes

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     • Java inner class and static nested class

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   • What are the benefits of the Iterator interface in Java?

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 18, 2008 · 18 votes

     Why is this interface used?

     Because it supports the basic operations that would allow a client programmer to iterate over any kind of collection (note: not necessarily a Collection in the Object sense).

     Why are the methods... not directly coded to the data structure implementation itself?

     They are, they're just marked Private so you can't reach into them and muck with them. More specifically:

     • You can implement or subclass an Iterator such that it does something the standard ones don't do, without having to alter the actual object it iterates over.
     • Objects that can be traversed over don't need to have their interfaces cluttered up with traversal methods, in particular any highly specialized methods.
     • You can hand out Iterators to however many clients you wish, and each client may traverse in their own time, at their own speed.
     • Java Iterators from the java.util package in particular will throw an exception if the storage that backs them is modified while you still have an Iterator out. This exception lets you know that the Iterator may now be returning invalid objects.

     For simple programs, none of this probably seems worthwhile. The kind of complexity that makes them useful will come up on you quickly, though.

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     Answered Jun 20, 2020 · 6 votes

     You ask: "Why are the methods hasNext(), next() and remove() not directly coded to the data structure implementation itself?".

     The Java Collections framework chooses to define the Iterator interface as externalized to the collection itself. Normally, since every Java collection implements the Iterable interface, a Java program will call iterator to create its own iterator so that it can be used in a loop. As others have pointed out, Java 5 allows us to direct usage of the iterator, with a for-each loop.

     Externalizing the iterator to its collection allows the client to control how one iterates through a collection. One use case that I can think of where this is useful is when one has an an unbounded collection such as all the web pages on the Internet to index.

     In the classic GoF book, the contrast between internal and external iterators is spelled out quite clearly.

     A fundamental issue is deciding which party conrols the iteration, the iterator or the client that uses the iterator. When the client controls the iteration, the iterator is called an external iterator, and when the iterator controls it, the iterator is an internal iterator. Clients that use an external iterator must advance the traversal and request the next element explicitly from the iterator. In contrast, the client hands an internal iterator an operation to perform, and the iterator applies that operation to every element ....

     External iterators are more flexible than internal iterators. It's easy to compare two collections for equality with an external iterator, for example, but it's practically impossible with internal iterators ... But on the other hand, internal iterators are easier to use, because they define the iteration logic for you.

     For an example of how internal iterators work, see Ruby's Enumerable API, which has internal iteration methods such as each. In Ruby, the idea is to pass a block of code (i.e. a closure) to an internal iterator so that a collection can take care of its own iteration.

     Other Answers

     Answered Oct 07, 2008 · 5 votes

     it is important to keep the collection apart from the pointer. the iterator points at a specific place in a collection, and thus is not an integral part of the collection. this way, for an instance, you can use several iterators over the same collection.

     the down-side of this seperation is that the iterator is not aware to changes made to the collection it iterates on. so you cannot change the collection's structure and expect the iterator to continue it's work without "complaints".

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   • What are the relationships between Any, AnyVal, AnyRef, Object and how do they map when used in Java code?

     Top Answer

     Answered May 23, 2017 · 130 votes

     I'll disagree with Chris's answer in one regard. The classes Any, AnyRef and AnyVal are classes. But they don't appear as classes in bytecode, because of intrinsic limitations of the JVM.

     This arises out of the fact that not everything in Java is an object. In addition to objects, there are primitives. All objects in Java are descendant from java.lang.Object, but primitives are set apart and, presently*, not extensible by a programmer. Note also that primitives have "operators", not methods.

     In Scala, on the other hand, everything is an object, all objects belong to a class, and they interact through methods. The JVM bytecode generated does not reflect this, but that doesn't make them any less so, just as Java has generics, even though the bytecode doesn't have them.

     So, in Scala, all objects are descendant from Any, and that includes both what Java considers objects and what Java considers primitives. There's no equivalent in Java because there is no such unification.

     Everything that is considered a primitive in Java is descendant from AnyVal in Scala. Until Scala 2.10.0, AnyVal was sealed, and programmers were unable to extend it. It should be interesting to see what will happen with Scala on .Net, since interoperability alone calls for Scala to at least recognize user-defined "primitives".

     Also extending Any is AnyRef, which is equivalent to java.lang.Object (on the JVM at any rate).

     Up to Scala 2.9.x, a user could not extend Any or AnyVal, nor reference them from Java, but there were other uses they could be put to in Scala. Specifically, type signatures:

     def f(x: AnyVal) = println(x)def g(x: AnyRef) = println(x)def h(x: Any) = println(x)-

     What each means should be obvious from the class hierarchy. Of note, however, is that f and h will auto-box, but g will not. That is a bit the opposite of what Java does, in that f and h cannot be specified, and g (defined with java.lang.Object) would cause auto-boxing.

     Starting with Scala 2.10.0, though, the user can extend AnyVal or Any, with the following semantics:

     • If a class extends AnyVal , no instance will be created for it on the heap under certain conditions. This means the fields of this class (on 2.10.0 only a single field is allowed -- whether that will change remains to be seen) will stay on the stack, whether they are primitives or references to other objects. This allows extension methods without the instantiation cost.
     • If a trait extends Any , then it can be used with both classes that extend AnyRef and classes that extend AnyVal .

     PS: In my own view, Java is likely to follow C# in allowing "struct" primitives, and maybe typedefs, as parallelism without resorting to them is proving difficult to accomplish with good performance.

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   • What are the drawbacks of enums in Java?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jul 16, 2019 · 5 votes

     One possible answer is that enums were introduced in Java 1.5. While this seems like ancient history, some libraries still use string constants or numeric constants for compatibility reasons.

     Another possible answer is that those are not really semantically enum elements, but constants used by an external interface and are only ever accessed via their string value. In such cases, using enums and calling name() each time would be redundant.

     Other than that, you should never use enums over string constants in such cases.

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2. www.geeksforgeeks.org › how-to-check-a-key-existsHow to Check a Key Exists in JavaScript Object - GeeksforGeeks

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   4 days ago · In TypeScript dictionaries are used whenever the data is needed to be stored in key and value form. We often retrieve the data from the dictionaries using an associated key. Therefore it becomes crucial to check whether the key exists in a dictionary or not. We can use the below methods to check if a key exists or not in a dictionary. Table of Cont

3. www.geeksforgeeks.org › functions-programmingFunctions in Programming - GeeksforGeeks

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   5 days ago · Functions in Programming enable the reuse of code by encapsulating a specific functionality. Once a function is defined, it can be called multiple times from different parts of the program, reducing redundancy and promoting efficient code maintenance. Functions can be called multiple times, reducing code duplication. C++ Java Python JavaScript.

   • Video Duration: 8 min

4. www.geeksforgeeks.org › functions-in-javascriptFunctions in JavaScript - GeeksforGeeks

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   5 days ago · Last Updated : 28 May, 2024. JavaScript functions are essential for organizing code and executing specific tasks. They contain sets of instructions that run when triggered by events or actions. In this article, we’ll explore the syntax, parameters, return values, and execution contexts of JavaScript functions.

   • Video Duration: 67 min

5. www.thetechedvocate.org › javascript-basics-how-toJavaScript Basics: How to Create and Use a Dictionary

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   5 days ago · To access a value in a dictionary, you can use the square bracket notation and pass in the key: “`. let dictionary = {. “key1”: “value1”, “key2”: “value2”. }; console.log (dictionary [“key1”]); // Output: “value1”. “`. In this example, we are accessing the value corresponding to the “key1” key in the dictionary.

6. pwskills.com › blog › oops-concepts-in-javaOOPS Concepts In Java: What It Is, Why Is It Called That ...

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   4 days ago · OOPS Concepts in Java: Object-Oriented Programming System (OOPS) in Java revolves around four key principles known as the OOPS concepts in JAVA. Encapsulation involves bundling data and methods into a single unit, promoting data hiding. Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviours from another, fostering code reusability.

7. www.java-success.com › java-interview-questions800+ Java Interview Q&As with code & scenarios

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   2 days ago · 4. Ensuring code quality questions. 100+ Java code quality Q&As. Java interview questions answered in detail with code, scenarios, examples, must-know FAQs, 16+ tech key areas, career & CV know-hows to not only “talk the talk”, but also to “walk the walk”. This will empower you to open more doors without feeling stagnated.

8. People also ask

   What is a dictionary in JavaScript?

   • A dictionary is simply an object that allows you to store and access key-value pairs of data. In this article, we will be covering how to create and use a dictionary in JavaScript, and the basic methods you can use to manipulate its data. Creating a Dictionary “key1”: “value1”, “value1” and “value2” are the corresponding values.

   JavaScript Basics: How to Create and Use a Dictionary

   www.thetechedvocate.org/javascript-basics-how-to-create-and-use-a-dictionary/

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   What are functions in programming?

   • Functions in programming are modular units of code designed to perform specific tasks. They encapsulate a set of instructions, allowing for code reuse and organization. In this article, we will discuss about basics of function, its importance different types of functions, etc.

   Functions in Programming - GeeksforGeeks

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   What is a JavaScript function?

   • A JavaScript function is executed when “something” invokes it (calls it). Example 1: A basic javascript function, here we create a function that divides the 1st element by the second element. Output: You must already have seen some commonly used functions in JavaScript like alert (), which is a built-in function in JavaScript.

   Functions in JavaScript - GeeksforGeeks

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   What is a user-defined function in JavaScript?

   • In javascript, functions can be used in the same way as variables for assignments, or calculations. Triggered by an event (e.g., a button click by a user). When explicitly called from JavaScript code. Automatically executed, such as in self-invoking functions. Before, using a user-defined function in JavaScript we have to create one.

   Functions in JavaScript - GeeksforGeeks

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9. pwskills.com › blog › basics-of-programming-javaBasics Of Programming Java, Syntax, Variables And Data Type

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   4 days ago · There are two major classifications of data types in Java: Advanced AI & Prompt Engineering Course. Primitive Data Type: It consists of primitive data types such as int, float, char, double, boolean, short, byte, etc. Secondary Data Type: The secondary data types consist of arrays, classes, modifiers, class names, etc.