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Acids react with bases to produce a salt compound and water. When equal moles of an acid and a base are combined, the acid is neutralized by the base. The products of this reaction are an ionic compound, which is labeled as a salt, and water.
- Acid Definition and Examples
- Amphoteric Species
- Strong and Weak Acids
- Monoprotic vs Polyprotic
- Superacids
- Properties of Acids
- References
There are three ways of defining an acid, based on the three main acid-basetheories. Some chemicals are acids under one definition, but not another. 1. Arrhenius acid: An Arrhenius acid increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of an aqueous solution. Since hydrogen ions attach to water molecules, what this really means is an Arrhenius acid inc...
An amphoteric compoundacts as either an acid or a base, depending on the situation. Examples include water, amino acids, and metal oxides. For example, water donates a proton when it reacts with a base, but accepts a proton when it reacts with water.
The two broad categories of acids are strong acids and weak acids. 1. Strong acids completely dissociate into their ions in water (or other solvent, for Brønsted-Lowry acids). Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3). There are only seven common strong acids. 2. Weak acids incompletely dissociate into their ions in a solvent,...
A monoprotic or monobasic acidonly donates one proton per molecule. An example is hydrochloric acid (HCl). HA (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + A−(aq) A polyprotic or polybasic acid can donate more than one proton per acid molecule. There are diprotic (dibasic) acid and triprotic (tribasic acids). For example, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a diprotic acid th...
A superacid is any acid that is stronger than sulfuric acid. The strongest acid is fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6). It donates protons about a billiontimes better than sulfuric acid.
Acids display several characteristic properties: 1. Most taste sour. (Don’t test this.) 2. Most are corrosive. 3. They have pH values less than 7. 4. Acids turn litmus paperred. 5. In water, Arrhenius acids are electrolytes. In other words, they conduct electricity in aqueous solution. 6. Arrhenius acids react with bases to form salt and water. 7. ...
Finston, H.L.; Rychtman, A.C. (1983). A New View of Current Acid-Base Theories. New York: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/ciuz.19830170211Hall, Norris F. (March 1940). “Systems of Acids and Bases”. Journal of Chemical Education. 17 (3): 124–128. doi:10.1021/ed017p124IUPAC (1997). “Acid.” Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. doi:10.1351/goldbookJensen, W.B. (1980). The Lewis Acid-Base Concepts: An Overview. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-03902-0.Acid, any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes the color of certain indicators (e.g., reddens blue litmus paper), reacts with some metals (e.g., iron) to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions (acid catalysis).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- An acid is any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts...
- Sulfuric acids, nitric acids, hydrochloric acids, and phosphoric acids are examples of mineral acids.
- Examples of nonaqueous acids are sulfur trioxide, aluminum chloride, and boron trifluoride.
- Examples of organic compounds that are acids include compounds in the carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and phenol groups.
- Acids are chemical compounds that show, in water solution, a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegeta...
Jan 13, 2020 · Updated on January 13, 2020. An acid is a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons. Most acids contain a hydrogen atom bonded that can release (dissociate) to yield a cation and an anion in water.
- Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Chemistry library. Unit 11: Acids and bases. About this unit. This unit is part of the Chemistry library. Browse videos, articles, and exercises by topic. Acids, bases, and pH. Learn. Arrhenius acids and bases. pH, pOH, and the pH scale. Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases. Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases. Autoionization of water.
Acids and bases can be described using the Arrhenius model: acids produce H+ ions in aqueous solutions, while bases produce OH- ions. We can identify acidic and basic solutions using their distinct and often contrasting properties, some of which you are likely familiar with!
- 12 min
- Mahesh Shenoy
