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The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
Learn how the Standard Model explains the basic building blocks of matter and the forces that act on them, based on thousands of experiments. Find out what the Standard Model does not explain and what are the challenges for future physics.
- Introduction
- Particle Families
- Particle Interactions
- Mass and Gravity
- Group Theory
- Lagrangian
The standard modelis the name given in the 1970s to a theory of fundamental particles and how they interact. It incorporated all that was known about subatomic particles at the time and predicted the existence of additional particles as well. There are seventeen named particles in the standard model, organized into the chart shown below. The last p...
Fundamental particles are either the building blocks of matter, called fermions, or the mediators of interactions, called bosons. There are twelve named fermions and five named bosons in the standard model. Fermions obey a statistical rule described by Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) of Italy, Paul Dirac (1902–1984) of England, and Wolfgang Pauli (1900–19...
Three of the four fundamental fources of nature are included in the standard model of particle physics — electromagnetism, the strong force, and the weak force. (Gravity is not included in the standard model.) Each force acts between particles because of some property of that particle — charge for electromagnetism, color for the strong force, and f...
All fermions are thought to have a nonzero mass. Particles in generation I are less massive than those in generation II, which are less massive than those in generation III. Within the generations, quarks are more massive than leptons and neutrinos are less massive than the other leptons. Bosons are divided when it comes to mass. Gluons and photons...
For those who like fancy math, the standard model is described using group theory notation as… SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) where the gauge group of strong interactions is… SU(3) and the gauge group of electroweak interactions is… SU(2) × U(1) Notes… 1. SU(3) 1.1. 3rd order special unitary group 1.2. the set of all 3 × 3 unitary matrices with unit determin...
What is this? The standard model Lagrangian. What does it say? I'll let you know when I figure it out. ℒ = −¼FμνFμν + iψ̄D̸ψ + h.c. + ψiyijψjφ + h.c. + |Dμφ|2 − V(φ)
Apr 19, 2024 · The standard model is a combination of two theories that describe the interactions of subatomic particles except gravity. It includes six types of quarks and leptons, three generations of matter, and three forces: electromagnetic, weak, and strong.
Learn about the 17 fundamental particles and the four forces of nature described by the Standard Model, the most complete theory of matter and interaction. Discover how the Higgs boson completes the Standard Model and what questions remain unanswered.
Learn about the Standard Model of particle physics, the equation that describes the fundamental particles and forces of nature. Find out how CERN experiments test the predictions of the model and search for new phenomena.
Sep 19, 2022 · The Standard Model is the most complete description of the subatomic world that has ever been created in modern physics. The model was built through the 20th century on the foundations of...
