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When did chemical warfare start?
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When was chemical warfare first used in WW1?
Could chemical warfare be used in a future World War?
The modern notion of chemical warfare emerged from the mid-19th century, with the development of modern chemistry and associated industries. The first recorded modern proposal for the use of chemical warfare was made by Lyon Playfair, Secretary of the Science and Art Department, in 1854 during the Crimean War.
- 600 BCE
- 479 BCE
- 1845
- 1861–1865
- 1874–1907
- 1914
- 1915
- 1917
- 1918
- 1925
The Athenian military taints the water supply of the besieged city of Kirrha with poisonous hellebore plants.
Peloponnesian forces use sulfur fumes against the town of Plataea. France and Germany sign the Strasbourg Agreement, the first international agreement to ban chemical weapons, in this case outlawing the use of poisoned bullets.
During the French conquest of Algeria, French troops force more than 1,000 members of a Berber tribe into a cave and then use smoke to kill them.
During the American Civil War civilians and soldiers on both sides propose using chemical weapons. Among a multitude of unrealized ideas, New York City schoolteacher John Doughty recommends firing chlorine-gas projectiles at Confederate troops, and Confederate soldier Isham Walker suggests dropping canisters of poison gas from balloons.
A series of international treaties signed by most Western nations bans the use of poison and poisonous weapons in war.
August During the first month of World War I the French deploy tear-gas grenades, first developed in 1912 for police use. October German forces fire 3,000 shells containing dianisidine chlorosulfate, a lung irritant, at the British army at Neuve-Chapelle. The British are unaware that they had been subjected to a chemical attack because the chemical...
January The Germans fire 18,000 shells filled with the irritant xylyl bromide at Russian troops at Bolinow. The Russians are unharmed because the extreme cold keeps the liquid from vaporizing. April 22 The German military launches the first large-scale use of chemical weapons in war at Ypres, Belgium. Nearly 170 metric tons of chlorine gas in 5,730...
July 12 Mustard gas is used for the first time by German forces; it causes more than 2,100 casualties. During the first three weeks of mustard-gas use, Allied casualties equal the previous year’s chemical-weapons casualties.
May U.S. research on mustard gas moves from a lab at American University in Maryland to a site called Edgewood Arsenal run by the newly created Chemical Warfare Service. Soon 10% of American artillery shells contain chemical weapons. June The Allies begin using mustard gas against German troops. October 13–14 A young Adolf Hitler, an enlisted messe...
The Geneva Protocol is adopted by the League of Nations. The treaty bans the use of chemical and biological agents in war but does not prohibit the development, production, or stockpiling of such weapons. Many countries sign the treaty with reservations permitting them to respond in kind if attacked with chemical weapons.
May 11, 2024 · In modern warfare, chemical weapons were first used in World War I (1914–18), during which gas warfare inflicted more than one million of the casualties suffered by combatants in that conflict and killed an estimated 90,000.
- Barry R. Schneider
Although crude chemical warfare has been employed in many parts of the world for thousands of years, "modern" chemical warfare began during World War I – see Chemical weapons in World War I. Initially, only well-known commercially available chemicals and their variants were used.
Apr 10, 2018 · Chemical weapons have a long, lethal history. Accounts of ancient chemical warfare, including the use of poisonous smoke and arrows, date back as far as the 12th century, B.C.E.
Apr 25, 2017 · Learn how chemical warfare agents have been used and developed since ancient times, from sulphur dioxide to VX. Explore the cases of chemical warfare in WWI, WWII, the Cold War, the Iran-Iraq war and the Tokyo subway attack.
May 23, 2005 · This book provides an analysis of the development and deployment of chemical weapons from 700BC to the present day. The First World War is examined in detail since it remains the most...
