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The Abbasid dynasty or Abbasids (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) were an Arab dynasty that ruled the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire ( / əˈbæsɪd, ˈæbəsɪd /; Arabic: الْخِلَافَة الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, romanized : al-Khilāfa al-ʿAbbāsiyya) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE ), from whom the dynasty takes its name. [6] .
ʿAbbasid caliphate, second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim empire of the caliphate. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in 750 ce and reigned as the Abbasid caliphate until it was destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Prelude
- The Abbasid Revolution
- The Dawn of Abbasid Rule
- Al-Mansur & Baghdad
- Al-Mahdi & His Sons
- The Golden Age
- Loss of Authority
- The Crusades
- The Fall of Baghdad & Aftermath
- Conclusion
The institution of caliphate was conceived in 632 CE after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (570-632 CE). In the eyes of the Sunni Muslims, the first four sovereigns were part of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE, rightly guided caliphs), but the Shia Muslims discredit the first three as usurpers to the rightful throne of the 'Ahl al-Bayt...
Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (l. c. 568-653 CE) was one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad, and this relation inspired the eponymous revolution led by his descendants. The Abbasids raised the slogan of giving the 'Ahl al-Bayt' their due right – the caliphal throne. The interesting thing in this matter is that the rebels never specified exactly what th...
After his victory at Zab, as-Saffah immediately rushed the bulk of his army to Central Asia to halt the expansion of the Chinese Tang Dynasty– their advance was checked at the battles of Talas (751 CE) when the Muslims incurred upon them a decisive defeat. But amiable relations followed soon after this brief episode of violence, ushering in a new e...
One thing that the Abbasids had been lacking hitherto was a capital of their own. The Fertile Crescent had been a valued place in human history from time immemorable, and it was there that al-Mansur commissioned the creation of a new capital near the Tigris River - Baghdad, a bustling metropolis that humbled all European citiesof the time in every ...
Highly magnanimous and deeply pious, al-Mahdi (775-785 CE) turned out to be quite a different person as compared to his father al-Mansur – though his enemies were never spared in the battlefield, his generosity to his people knew no bounds. He took all steps in his power to reverse the wrong-doings of his father against the Alids, he released their...
Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786-809 CE) was the most prominent ruler of the Abbasid Dynasty, even stripped of his legendary status in stories and fables, the actual man still had an unparalleled personality. He was a patron of arts and learning and wished for Muslims to lead the world in that matter. The Grand Library of Baghdad, the Bayt al Hikma (...
After al-Ma'mun's death, the Abbasids entered a prolonged period of moral and temporal decline. Ma'mun's immediate successors failed to do justice to the grand responsibility that had been incurred upon them; al-Mu'tasim (r. 833-842 CE) and al-Wathik (r. 842-847 CE) let their private Turkish bodyguards extend their influence over the court. The fin...
As the 11th century CE progressed, the Seljuks appeared to be an unstoppable juggernaut, but when it drew nearer to a close, they were no longer the strong and formidable force they had been. When European nobles first arrived in the Holy Land in 1096 CE, the Seljuks were fragmented and in no state to resist. The Abbasids, though nominally the lead...
This newfound independence was threatened by a new force, ironically once again from Central Asia: the Mongols, who had been converted into a force to be reckoned with by Genghis Khanin 1206 CE. The last formal caliph: al-Must'asim (r. 1242-1258 CE) made a huge mistake in disbanding most of his army and then accepting the challenge of Hulegu Khan. ...
The Abbasid propaganda against the Umayyads was very successful but the Abbasids adopted the same administrative policy for which they had gained support against the Umayyads. After dethroning the ruling party, the Abbasids assumed control of a smaller state than their predecessors as Spain had been lost for good; the fragmentation of the Islamic e...
May 14, 2024 · The Abbasid Caliphate was a major dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world after overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 AD. It is known for moving the capital of the Islamic empire from Damascus to Baghdad, which then blossomed into a center of learning and culture.
The Samanid dynasty that arose in Khorāsān and Transoxania and the Ghaznavids in Central Asia and the Ganges River basin similarly acknowledged the Abbasid caliphs as spiritual leaders of Sunni Islam.
Sep 27, 2020 · The Fatimid dynasty broke from the Abbasids in 909 and created separate line of caliphs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Palestine until 1171 CE. Abbasid control eventually disintegrated, and the edges of the empire declared local autonomy.
