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The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking) was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanking and the retreat of the National Revolutionary Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War, by the Imperial Japanese Army.
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During the early years of World War II, and following a bloody victory in Shanghai during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese turned their attention towards the capital city of Nanjing. Fearful of losing his military forces in battle, China’s Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek ordered the removal of nearly all official Chinese troops from th...
On December 13, the first troops of Japan’s Central China Front Army, commanded by General Matsui Iwane, entered the city. Even before their arrival, word had begun spreading of the numerous atrocities they had committed on their way through China, including killing contests, arson and pillaging. Chinese soldiers were hunted down and killed by the ...
There are no official numbers for the death toll in the Nanjing Massacre, though estimates range from 200,000 to 300,000 people. Soon after the end of the war, Matsui and his lieutenant Tani Hisao were tried and convicted for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East—both men were soon executed. Anger over the events at Nan...
Nanjing Massacre. USC Shoah Foundation, University of Southern California. Thoughts on the Nanjing Massacre. Brookings Institution. Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall - The Memory of the World War II. China Discovery. Tokyo slams UNESCO in row over Nanjing massacre documents. CNN.
Learn about the brutal 1937 attack by Japanese troops on the Chinese city of Nanjing, also known as Nanking, that killed hundreds of thousands of people and raped tens of thousands of women. Explore the historical context, the sources, the memorial and the disputes over the Nanjing Massacre.
May 7, 2023 · From December 1937 to January 1938, Japanese soldiers unleashed a horrific massacre in Nanking, China, raping up to 80,000 civilians and murdering at least 200,000. It's one of modern history's most horrific atrocities, and its deniers cannot explain away photos like these.
May 8, 2024 · Nanjing Massacre, (December 1937–January 1938), mass killing and ravaging of Chinese citizens and capitulated soldiers by soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army after its seizure of Nanjing, China, on December 13, 1937, during the Sino-Japanese War that preceded World War II.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- When did the Nanjing Massacre take place?The Nanjing Massacre, also called Rape of Nanjing (December 1937–January 1938), was the mass killing and the ravaging of Chinese citizens and capit...
- How many people were killed during the Nanjing Massacre?Estimates of the number of Chinese killed in the Nanjing Massacre range from 100,000 to more than 300,000.
- Who ordered the Nanjing Massacre?The destruction of Nanjing was ordered by Matsui Iwane, commanding general of the Japanese Central China Front Army. Japanese soldiers carried out...
- What happened to Matsui Iwane and Tani Hisao?Shortly after the end of World War II, Matsui Iwane and Tani Hisao, a lieutenant general who had personally participated in acts of murder and rape...
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite wars and disasters.
The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II is a bestselling 1997 non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanjing Massacre — the mass murder and mass rape of Chinese civilians committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanjing durin...
Feb 9, 2010 · Learn about the brutal massacre of Chinese civilians and prisoners by Japanese forces in 1937, during the Sino-Japanese War. Find out how the atrocities were documented, prosecuted and remembered.
