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Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (/ ˈ k ɪ tʃ ɪ n ər /; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator.
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Jun 20, 2024 · Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (born June 24, 1850, near Listowel, County Kerry, Ireland—died June 5, 1916, at sea off Orkney Islands) was a British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of the Sudan, commander in chief during the South African War, and (perhaps his most important role) secretary of state for war at ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- He Travelled A Lot as A Young Man
- He Helped Complete The Definitive Survey of Western Palestine
- He Thrived While Serving in Egypt
- He Took The Title Baron Kitchener of Khartoum in 1898
- He commanded The British Army During The Anglo-Boer War
- Kitchener Was Turned Down For The Post of Viceroy of India
- He Was Appointed Secretary of State For War in 1914
- He Was The Face of The ‘Your Country Needs You’ Posters
- He Had A Controversial Role in The Shell Crisis of 1915
- He Died in The Sinking of The HMS Hampshire
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Born in Ireland in 1850, Kitchener was the son of an army officer. The family moved from Ireland to Switzerland, before the young Herbert Kitchener finished his education at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich. He briefly joined a French field ambulance unit, fighting in the Franco-Prussian War, before being commissioned into the Royal Engineers...
Kitchener was part of a small team which surveyed Palestine between 1874 and 1877, collecting data on topography as well as flora and fauna. The survey had long-lasting effects as it effectively delineated and defined political borders of the countries of the southern Levant and became the basis for the grid system used in modern maps of Israel and...
In January 1883, Kitchener was promoted to captain and dispatched to Egypt, where he helped rebuild the Egyptian Army. He was reportedly very comfortable in Egypt, preferring the company of Egyptians, and found himself fitting in seamlessly thanks to his Arabic language skills. He was promoted twice more, eventually being appointed as Governor of t...
As head of the Egyptian Army, Kitchener led his troops through the British invasion of Sudan (1896-1899), winning notable victories at Atbara and Omdurman which awarded him considerable fame in the press back home. Kitchener became Governor-General of Sudan in September 1898 and began helping to oversee the restoration of ‘good governance’, guarant...
By the late 1890s, Kitchener was one of the leading figures in the British Army. When the Second Anglo-Boer Warbroke out in 1899, Kitchener arrived in South Africa as chief of staff (second-in-command) with British reinforcements in December of that year. Within the year, Kitchener had become commander of the British force in South Africa and follo...
Kitchener was appointed Commander-in-Chief in India in 1902, with the support of the Viceroy, Lord Curzon. He quickly made many reforms to the army, and conflict between Curzon and Kitchener developed after Kitchener tried to concentrate all of the military decision-making power into his own role. Curzon eventually resigned as a result. Kitchener s...
When war broke out in 1914, the then-Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith, had Kitchener appointed as Secretary of State for War. Unlike his contemporaries, Kitchener believed from the outset that the war would last several years, require huge armies and cause huge casualties. Many credit Kitchener with transforming the British Army into a modern, capab...
Kitchener is best known for being the face of one of Britain’s biggest military recruitment campaignsto date. He was aware of the number of men Britain would need fighting in order to stand a chance against the Germans, and began huge recruitment drives at home to encourage young men to sign up. It was his face, as Secretary of State for War, that ...
Kitchener had many friends in high places, but he also had plenty of enemies. His decision to support the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign (1915-1916) lost him a good deal of popularity amongst his colleagues, as did the Shell Crisis of 1915, where Britain came dangerously close to running out of artillery shells. He also failed to appreciate the futu...
Kitchener was on board the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire en route to the Russian port Arkhangelsk in June 1916, intending to meet with Tsar Nicholas IIto discuss military strategy and financial difficulties face to face. On 5 June 1916, HMS Hampshire struck a mine laid by a German U-boat and sank west of the Orkney Islands. 737 people died, includ...
Learn about the life and career of Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, one of Britain's most iconic military figures. From his travels and surveys in the Middle East to his role in World War One and his untimely death, discover his achievements and controversies.
- Sarah Roller
For the full article, see Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener. H. H. Kitchener , later Earl Kitchener (of Khartoum and of Broome) , (born June 24, 1850, near Listowel, Co. Kerry, Ire.—died June 5, 1916, at sea off Orkney Islands), British field marshal and imperial administrator.
Horatio Herbert Kitchener, British field marshal, imperial administrator, commander in chief during the South African War, and secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I. At that time he organized armies on a scale unprecedented in British history and became a symbol of the national will to victory.
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Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, was an Irish-born British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman who served as a colonial administrator during his early career and later played a significant role in the early parts of the First World War.
A biography of the British field marshal and statesman who served in colonial wars and administration in Egypt, Sudan, South Africa, and India. Learn about his achievements, controversies, and death in World War I.
