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Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич ( 17 [29] апреля 1818, Москва — 1 [13] марта 1881, Санкт-Петербург ) — российский император (1855—1881 годы) из династии Романовых, проводивший широкомасштабные реформы. Старший сын сначала великокняжеской, а с 1825 года — императорской четы Николая Павловича и Александры Фёдоровны .
- Early Life
- Emperor
- Emancipation of The Serfs
- Other Reforms
- Marriages and Children
- Suppression of National Movements
- Rewarding Loyalty and Encouraging Finnish Nationalism
- Assassination Attempts
- Assassination
- References
During the 30 years in which Alexander was heir apparent, the atmosphere of St. Petersburg was unfavorable to the development of any intellectual or political innovation. Government was based on principles under which all freedom of thought and all private initiative were, as far as possible, suppressed vigorously. Personal and official censorship ...
Alexander succeeded to the throne upon the death of his father in 1855. The first year of his reign was devoted to the prosecution of the Crimean War, and, after the fall of Sevastopol, to negotiations for peace, led by his trusted counselor Prince Gorchakov. Then he began a period of radical reforms, encouraged by public opinion but carried out wi...
Though he carefully guarded his autocratic rights and privileges, and obstinately resisted all efforts to push him farther than he felt inclined to go, for several years Alexander acted somewhat like a constitutional sovereign of the continental type. Soon after the conclusion of peace, important changes were made in legislation concerning industry...
Other reforms followed: army and navy re-organization (1874), a new judicial administration based on the French model (1864), a new penal code and a greatly simplified system of civil and criminal procedure, an elaborate scheme of local self-government for the rural districts (1864) and the large towns (1870) with elective assemblies possessing a r...
On April 16, 1841, Alexander married Princess Marie of Hesse in St. Petersburg, the daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, thereafter known as Empress Maria Alexandrovna. The marriage produced six sons and two daughters: On July 6, 1880, less than a month after Tsarina Maria's death on June 8, Alexander formed a morganatic marriag...
At the beginning of his reign, Alexander expressed the famous statement "No dreams" addressed for Poles, populating Congress Poland, Western Ukraine, Lithuania, Livonia, and Belarus. The result was the January Uprising of 1863-1864 that was suppressed after 18 months of fighting. Thousands of Poles were executed and tens of thousands were deported ...
The difference in the treatment given by Alexander to Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland was extensive. In 1863 Alexander II re-established the Diet of Finland and initiated several reforms that increased Finland's autonomy from Russia, including establishment of Finland’s own currency, the Markka.Liberation of enterprise led to increased foreig...
In 1866 there was an attempt on Alexander’s life in Petersburg by Dmitry Karakozov. To commemorate his narrow escape from death (that he referred to only as "the event of April 4, 1866"), a number of churches and chapels were built in many Russian cities. On the morning of April 20, 1879, Alexander II was walking towards the Square of the Guards St...
After the last assassination attempt, Michael Tarielovich, Count Loris-Melikov was appointed the head of the Supreme Executive Commission and given extraordinary powers to fight the revolutionaries. Loris-Melikov's proposals called for some form of parliamentary body, and the tsar seemed to agree; these plans were never realized, however, as on Mar...
Moss, Walter G. Alexander II and His Times: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky. London. Anthem. 2002. ISBN 1898855595Moss, Walter G. Alexander II and His Times: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and DostoevskyRetrieved May 22, 2007.Radzinsky, Edvard. Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar. New York. The Free Press. 2005. ISBN 0743284267People also ask
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Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) (Old Style dates) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination. He is most famous for freeing the serfs in his Emancipation reform of 1861. References
Alexander II, Russian Aleksandr Nikolayevich, (born April 29, 1818, Moscow, Russia—died March 13, 1881, St. Petersburg), Tsar of Russia (1855–81). He succeeded to the throne at the height of the Crimean War, which revealed Russia’s backwardness on the world stage.
Updated on September 19, 2018. Alexander II (born Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov; April 29, 1818 – March 13, 1881) was a nineteenth-century Russian emperor. Under his rule, Russia moved towards reform, most notably in the abolition of serfdom. However, his assassination cut these efforts short. Fast Facts: Alexander II.
Dec 31, 2023 · 17 April 1818 (in Julian calendar) (unspecified calendar, assumed Julian) Small Nicholas Palace. Date of death. 1 March 1881 (in Julian calendar) Winter Palace. Manner of death. homicide ( assassination of Alexander II of Russia, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, Nikolai Rysakov) regicide. Cause of death.
Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич ( 17 [ 29] апреля 1818, Москва — 1 [ 13] марта 1881, Санкт-Петербург ) — российский император (1855—1881 годы) из династии Романовых, проводивший широкомасштабные реформы. Старший сын сначала великокняжеской, а с 1825 года — императорской четы Николая Павловича и Александры Фёдоровны.
