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Francis was a son of Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745–1792), daughter of Charles III of Spain. Francis was born in Florence, the capital of Tuscany, where his father reigned as Grand Duke from 1765 to 1790.
Empress of the French 1791-1847. Marie Louise, the second wife of Napoleon I, was the great-niece of Queen Marie Antoinette. The daughter of Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, her upbringing was marked by a hatred of Revolutionary France and then of Bonaparte, as Austria was repeatedly humiliated by defeat and stripped of its ...
Marie-Louise was an Austrian archduchess who became empress of the French (impératrice des Français) as the second wife of the emperor Napoleon I; she was later duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Marie-Louise, a member of the house of Habsburg, was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
daughter Marie-Louise. son Ferdinand I. Francis II (born February 12, 1768, Florence—died March 2, 1835, Vienna) was the last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806) and, as Francis I, emperor of Austria (1804–35); he was also, as Francis, king of Hungary (1792–1830) and king of Bohemia (1792–1836).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Born Marie Leopoldine on January 22, 1797; died of septicaemia after a miscarriage on December 11, 1826; daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman emperor (r. 1792–1806), emperor of Austria as Francis I (r. 1804–1835), and Maria Teresa of Naples (1772–1807); sister of Marie Louise of Austria (1791–1847, who married Napoleon); married Peter IV, king of ...
He had four wives, only the second of whom (Maria-Theresa of the Two Sicilies (d.1807) produced significant numbers of children, notably his eldest daughter, Maria Luisa. The first two decades of his reign were marked by his struggle against the French Revolution and against Napoleon.
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He was repeatedly defeated by Napoleon and had to cede territories, dissolve the Holy Roman Empire, and give his daughter in marriage to Napoleon. However, in the end, it was he, as the emperor of Austria, who played a critical role in Napoleon’s defeat.
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