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Apr 2, 2014 · (1527-1598) Synopsis. King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. His reign as Spain's king began the Golden Age, a period of...
- Early Life and Background
- Revolt in The Netherlands
- Economic Troubles
- Philip Becomes King of Portugal
- Turkish Threat in The Mediterranean
- War with England
- War with France
- Legacy
- Philip in Fiction
- Referencesisbn Links Support Nwe Through Referral Fees
Philip was born in Valladolid on the May 21, 1527, and was the only legitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, by his wife Isabella of Portugal. He was educated by Roman Catholic clergymen, whose influence shaped his policies as king. Philip had classic works translated into Spanish for him and was fond of music. He was close to his mother, th...
The States-General of the Dutch provinces, united in the 1579 Union of Utrecht,passed an Oath of Abjuration of their Spanish-based king, who was also Sovereign over the Netherlands, in 1581. The Netherlands at this time had been a personal union under King Philip, since the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549; he was lord of each separate Dutch Province (fo...
Aside from draining state revenues for failed overseas adventurism, the domestic policies of Philip II further burdened Spain, and would, in the following century, contribute to its decline. However, Charles V had left Philip with a debt of 36 million ducats and a deficit of 1 million ducats a year. For one, far too much power was concentrated in P...
Philip became King of Portugal in 1581, when he was crowned as Philip I of Portugaland was recognized as such by the Cortes of Tomar. In 1578, the direct line of the Portuguese royal family had ended when Sebastian of Portugal died following a disastrous campaign against the Moors in Morocco.Philip spoke Portuguese mostly until his mother died. His...
In the early part of his reign, Philip was concerned with the rising power of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent. Fear of Islamic domination in the Mediterranean caused him to pursue an aggressive foreign policy. In 1558, Turkish admiral Piyale Pasha captured the Balearic Islands, especially inflicting great damage on Minorca and ens...
Spanish hegemony and the Counter-Reformation achieved a clear boost in 1554, when Philip married Queen Mary, a Catholic, the older daughter of Henry VIII, and his father's first cousin. However, they had no children; Queen Mary, or "Bloody Mary" as she came to be known in English Protestant lore, died in 1558, before the union could revitalize the ...
From 1590 to 1598, Philip was also at war against Henry IV of France, joining with the Papacy and the Duke of Guise in the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion. Philip's interventions in the fighting—sending Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma to relieve the siege of Paris in 1590—and again into Rouen in 1592—to aid the Catholic faction...
Under Philip II, Spain reached the peak of its power but also met its limits. Having nearly reconquered the rebellious Netherlands, Philip's unyielding attitude led to their loss, this time permanently, as his wars expanded in scope and complexity. So, in spite of the great and increasing quantities of gold and silver flowing into his coffers from ...
Philip II is a central character in Friedrich Schiller's play, Don Carlos, and Giuseppe Verdi's operatic adaption of the same. He is depicted more sympathetically in the opera than in the play. Philip II is one of the greatest roles for bass in opera and Verdi composed one of his greatest arias, "Ella giammai m'amó!" for the character. Charles de C...
Collin, Martin, and Geoffrey Parker. 2002. The Spanish Armada. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 1-901341-14-3.Hume, Martin Andrew Sharp. 1906 (2000). Philip II of Spain. London: Macmillan.Johonnot, James. 1887. Ten Great Events in History. New York: D. Appleton & Co. ISBN 9781406534658. Retrieved May 21, 2008.Kamen, Henry. 1997. Philip of Spain. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300070810.Philip II (r. 1556-98) was Titian´s most important patron, and together they forged one of the most fruitful artistic relationships of the European Renaissance. Philip surpassed all of the Venetian painter´s previous patrons both in the number of commissions and in their variety.
Philip II, Spanish Felipe , (born May 21, 1527, Valladolid, Spain—died Sept. 13, 1598, El Escorial), King of Spain (1556–98) and of Portugal (as Philip I, 1580–98).
Philip II of Spain (21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was, starting in 1556, king of Spain, and Burgundy, Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spanish America. He was born in Valladolid and was the only son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his wife to live until he was an adult.
Physical Description. 174 letters and documents, all in Spanish: 172 manuscript, 2 printed. All the manuscripts are in contemporary Spanish secretarial hands; a few are in the writers’ autographs. 159 of the letters are from King Philip II, all signed: 52 with the King’s autograph signature and 107 with official stamped facsimile signature ...
Philip II of Spain: Champion of Catholicism David McKinnon-Bell assesses the degree to which Philip II's policies were motivated by religious zeal. David Bell | Published in History Review Issue 40 September 2001
