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Can antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi be detected in cerebrospinal fluid?
What is Borrelia burgdorferi test?
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Borrelia Antibody (Blood) Does this test have other names? Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies test, IgM/IgG test, Lyme disease test. What is this test? This test measures the level of Borrelia antibodies in your blood. Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria cause Lyme disease. The bacteria are spread to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Serum testing is recommended to diagnose Lyme neuroborreliosis; refer to Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE1/pepC10 Antibodies, Total by ELISA With Reflex to IgM and IgG by ELISA (Modified Two-Tier Testing) . Do not order in the absence of clinical symptoms or without concurrent serum antibody testing.
- What is a Lyme disease blood test?
- What are antibodies?
- Testing for Lyme disease at the laboratory
- Lyme disease antibody test procedure
- Risks of a Lyme disease antibody test
- Following up after the procedure
A Lyme disease blood test is used to determine if you have contracted Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Lyme disease tests are conducted with a routine blood draw.
While there are other species of Borrelia that cause Lyme disease, B. burgdorferi is the most common cause in the United States. Most antibody tests in the United States only test for B. burgdorferi, but other species-specific tests are available depending on a person’s travel history.
Lyme disease is transmitted to humans through ticks that are infected with Borrelia.
Symptoms of Lyme disease include:
•headache
•joint pain
Antibodies are proteins your body makes in response to foreign or harmful substances called antigens. Common antigens include:
•bacteria
•viruses
•fungi
•chemicals
Your body produces antibodies if you have contracted B. burgdorferi. These Lyme disease-specific antibodies will be present in your blood, and your test will be positive if you have the bacterial infection.
A series of laboratory tests can detect Lyme disease antibodies. These tests include:
•ELISA: stands for “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,” which detects antibodies in your bloodstream
•IgM antibody test: tests for the IgM antibody present in the blood when you have an infection
•IgG antibody test: tests for the IgG antibody that fights bacterial infection
•Western blot: a follow-up test that detects proteins and antibodies in the blood (the Western blot is only meaningful during the first 4 weeks of an infection)
The ELISA test is performed first. If results are positive or equivocal, a second test, IgM/IgG immunoassay or immunoblot is performed. It is no longer recommended to check IgM or IgG antibodies without a prior immunoassay.
The Lyme disease antibody test requires no advance preparation. A lab technician will swab the inside of your elbow with an antiseptic before drawing your blood. Your blood will be drawn from a vein in your arm using a small needle.
The blood draw should not be painful, though you might feel a slight prick when the needle is inserted into your vein.
There are very few risks associated with the Lyme disease antibody test. Excessive bleeding is possible, but there may be an increased risk if you take blood thinning medications or certain anti-inflammatory drugs like:
•heparin
•warfarin
•aspirin
•ibuprofen
•naproxen
Once you have Lyme disease, the antibodies remain in your blood. So even after you have been treated for the disease, you might still have positive blood tests.
Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics. Your doctor will discuss your course of treatment in detail if you test positive for the bacterial infection.
particularly IgM and IgG (FDA, 2010). Serological tests do not become positive until an infected individual has had time to develop antibodies. In Lyme disease, this means that early acute disease characterized by an expanding rash (erythema migrans or EM) at the site of a tick bite cannot be reliably people will have made enough antibodies
- 481KB
- Barbara J. B. Johnson
- 16
- 2011
The presence of antibodies against at least either 2 (for IgM) or 5 (for IgG) proteins of B burgdorferi are required for the immunoblot result to be considered positive. If the ELISA result is negative, even if the immunoblot result is positive, the test result for Lyme disease should be interpreted as negative.
- Eugene D. Shapiro
- 10.1542/pir.35-12-500
- 2014
- Pediatr Rev. 2014 Dec; 35(12): 500-509.
May 19, 2020 · The FDA has recently validated the commercialization of tests in a modified two-tier methodology using a purified antigen-based ELISA (ZEUS® ELISA Borrelia VlsE1/pepC10 IgG/IgM) followed by a WCS-based ELISA (ZEUS® ELISA Borrelia burgdorferi IgG/IgM or IgM and IgG, separately).
PCR: This test looks for evidence of the DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi in the blood or spinal fluid. This test however is not very sensitive for Lyme disease because the genetic material of the spirochete doesn't stay in the blood or spinal fluid very long, Antigen detection: This test looks for pieces of the protein of Borrelia burgdorferi.
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