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Apr 4, 2020 · Chemical Common Names and Formulas. Scientific names can be long, so most people learn chemical common names. (Alex Kondratiev) Chemical names describe a substance’s composition, but we also use common names that are often associated with a property.
So 1-methyl, you have a methyl group right there on that first carbon. It's a propyl chain. One, two, three, propyl, and then you would say cyclopentane. That's the systematic name for that. Now if you look at this one right here, and the common name is iso-butyl, what you do is you look at where we attach.
- 14 min
- Sal Khan
- Systematic Or IUPAC Name
- Common Name
- Vernacular Name
- Archaic Name
- CAS Number
- Other Chemical Identifiers
- Example of Chemical Names
The systematic name also called the IUPAC name is the preferred way to name a chemical because each systematic name identifies exactly one chemical. The systematic name is determined by guidelines set forth by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).
A common name is defined by the IUPAC as a name that unambiguously defines a chemical, yet does not follow the current systematic naming convention. An example of a common name is acetone, which has the systematic name 2-propanone.
A vernacular name is a name used in a lab, trade or industry that does notunambiguously describe a single chemical. For example, copper sulfate is a vernacular name which may refer to copper(I) sulfate or copper(II) sulfate.
An archaic name is an older name for a chemical that predates the modern naming conventions. It's helpful to know archaic names of chemicals because older texts may refer to chemicals by these names. Some chemicals are sold under archaic names or may be found in storage labeled with the older names. An example of this is muriatic acid, which is the...
A CAS numberis an unambiguous identifier assigned to a chemical by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), a part of the American Chemical Society. CAS numbers are assigned sequentially, so you can't tell anything about the chemical by its number. Each CAS number consists of three strings of numbers that are separated by hyphens. The first number con...
Although the chemical names and CAS Number are the most common way to describe a chemical, there are other chemical identifiers you may encounter. Examples include numbers assigned by PubChem, ChemSpider, UNII, EC number, KEGG, ChEBI, ChEMBL, RTES number and the ATC code.
Putting it all together, here are the names for CuSO4·5H2O: 1. Systematic (IUPAC) Name: copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate 2. Common Names: copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) sulfate, cupric sulfate, cupric sulfate 3. Vernacular Name: copper sulfate, copper sulfate 4. Archaic Name: blue vitriol, bluestone, copper vitriol 5. CAS Number: 7758-99-8
- Names and symbols of the Elements. Naming of chemical substances begins with the names of the elements. The discoverer of an element has traditionally had the right to name it, and one can find some interesting human and cultural history in these names, many of which refer to the element's properties or to geographic locations.
- Naming the binary molecules. The system used for naming chemical substances depends on the nature of the molecular units making up the compound. These are usually either ions or molecules; different rules apply to each.
- Naming the ions. An ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule— that is, one in which the number of electrons differs from the number of nuclear protons.
- Ion-derived compounds. These compounds are formally derived from positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) in a ratio that gives an electrically neutral unit.
Certain branched alkanes have common names that are still widely used today. These common names make use of prefixes, such as iso-, sec-, tert-, and neo-. The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes.
Naming anions. To name main group anions, we take the root of the element's name and add - ide to the end. The following table shows how this suffix is used to name anions of various elements: Let's use the oxygen anion as an example. In writing, it is shown as the symbol O 2 − or written as "oxide".
Common name : A nomenclature system useful for naming simple organic molecules . It often fails for more complex molecules , in which case systematic or (better yet) IUPAC nomenclature is preferable. The prefix " n -" (or normal) is used when all carbons form a continuous, unbranched (linear) chain.
