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Jul 3, 2023 · Coma is defined as a state of deep unconsciousness, an eyes-closed unresponsive state. Coma is usually a transitory state though it may last for an indefinite or even prolonged period. Alerting and arousal functions of the brain are affected as well as awareness and the content of consciousness.
- J. Stephen Huff, Prasanna Tadi
- 2023/07/03
Steven Laureys. Consolidates the most recent developments in coma and disorders of consciousness. Presents an international perspective. Includes new chapters, including covert cognition, spasticity in consciousness disorders, and near-death experience. 2566 Accesses. 1 Citations. 11 Altmetric. About this book.
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- Seventeenth Century
- Eighteenth Century
- Nineteenth Century
- The Early 20th Century
- Experimental Coma
- Treatment in The Early 20th Century
- The Discovery of The Ascending Reticular Activating System
The term ‘coma’, from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep, had already been used in the Hippocratic corpus (Epidemica) and later by Galen (second century AD). Subsequently, it was hardly used in the known literature up to the middle of the 17th century. The term is found again in Thomas Willis’ (1621–75) influential De anima brutorum (1672), where l...
The term ‘coma’ may be found in Boerhaave's Lectures from the first half of the 18th century (Boerhaave, 1730–5). His teaching was very influential in 18th century European medicine until the centre of medical teaching moved from Leyden, The Netherlands, to Edinburgh, Scotland, in the second half of the century. Disorders of consciousness were comp...
Throughout the 19th century, older terms gradually disappeared, leaving the term ‘coma’ and sometimes stupor. Levels are indicated by other terms, for example, in Oppenheim, who distinguished dazedness, somnolence, sopor and ‘coma’ (Oppenheim, 1898). Carus is found back again in one of Charcot's books (Charcot, 1890). Charcot applied the term ‘coma...
During the early 20th century, only a few additions were added with respect to terminology, classification, observation and examination. The term ‘coma’ is mentioned by nearly all authors. Carus is still found in some texts, including Marie's book (Moutier, 1911), Biemond's book (Biemond, 1946), and carus, cataphora and lethargus in Bouman and Brou...
Experiments to explain observed phenomena in coma started in the second half of the 19th century, although Magendie already experimented by compressing a child's spina-bifida sack (meningocele) leading to the rise of the fontanelle and somnolence (Kocher, 1901). Trousseau was one of the first to refer to experimental coma. In his well-known Cliniqu...
Knowledge from these experiments provided new treatment methods. In a chapter on the treatment of increased ICP, Kocher wrote that artificial respiration, autotransfusion and trepanation were the capital means to prevent mortal danger in cerebral commotion. With respect to trepanation, he stated: ‘If there is no CSF pressure, but brain pressure doe...
We have seen the problems Kocher experienced localizing the lesion responsible for coma. Discoveries during the subsequent 50 years provided more insight, in particular the discovery of the function of the brainstem reticular formation. The structure had been largely neglected by early anatomists. During late 19th and early 20th centuries, more att...
- Peter J. Koehler, Eelco F. M. Wijdicks
- 2008
Aug 9, 2021 · This chapter describes the various presentations seen in disorders of consciousness; the anatomical and physiological foundations of arousal failure; the clinical approach to a patient presenting with acute coma; treatments in acute and chronic coma; and the approach to a patient with suspected brain death.
- Rohan Mathur, Clotilde Balucani, Amjad Elmashala, Romergyko Geocadin
- 2021
Mar 5, 2024 · 4.9 11 ratings. See all formats and editions. Explores the extraordinary states of expanded consciousness that arise during comas, both positive and negative. • Examines the experiences of those who have survived comas.
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- Alan Pearce, Beverley Pearce
Intensive Care Med. 2020 Jan; 46 (1): 97–101. Published online 2019 Nov 20. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05820-w. PMCID: PMC7881805. NIHMSID: NIHMS1665141. PMID: 31748834. Coma science: intensive care as the new frontier. Jan Claassen, MD 1. Author information Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer.
Feb 27, 2024 · Coma research nearly got comatose. The emergence of functional neuroimaging techniques (such as positron emission tomography—PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging—fMRI) opened new opportunities to study brain activity in patients with DOC.
