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Extermination camps were different from concentration camps. Starting in 1940, the Nazis built about 150 concentration camps and many more sub-camps. However, there were only six extermination camps in Nazi Germany, all in eastern Europe: 1. Auschwitz II (Birkenau) 2. Sobibór 3. Majdanek 4. Bełżec 5. Treblinka 6. Chełmno In extermination camps, alm...
Every day, Nazi authorities brought many prisoners to Auschwitz on trains. The camp's SS doctorsseparated these prisoners into three groups. This was called "selection." Selection was how the SS decided which of Auschwitz's camps each prisoner would go to.
Auschwitz I
Auschwitz I was the office for all of the camps in the Auschwitz complex. The Nazis kept prisoners at Auschwitz from 14 June 1940 until 27 January 1945.p. 128
Auschwitz II
Auschwitz II was Auschwitz's death camp. It was also called Birkenau (pronounced "BEER-kin-now"), which means "the birch wood" (forest).Today, Birkenau is often just called "Auschwitz." The Nazis began building Auschwitz II in October 1941, because Auschwitz I was getting too crowded. By this time, Adolf Hitler had decided to kill all of the Jewish people. The Nazis called this plan the "Final Solution." Soon after it was built, Heinrich Himmler ordered Auschwitz II to be used as a killing ce...
Auschwitz III
Auschwitz III was also called Monowitz (pronounced "MOW-no-vitz"). At Monowitz and the 48 subcamps around it, prisoners worked as slaves in the IG Farben factory and factories that made weapons for the German Army.p. 53 The IG Farben factory at Monowitz opened in 1941. By October 1942, prisoners had been forced to build the Monowitz camp, so slave workers could live there. IG Farben paid for the camp to be built. This made Monowitz the first concentration camp in history to be paid for and bu...
Until the summer of 1943, Rudolf Höss was the commander of Auschwitz.p. 193 After him, Arthur Liebehenschel and Richard Baerbecame commanders of the camp. After World War II, Höss wrote an autobiography. He gave many details about Auschwitz's camps. At the Nuremberg Trials, he received the death penalty. He was hanged in front of the crematorium at...
By 1943, many resistance groups had formed inside Auschwitz's camps. These were groups who tried to fight back against the Nazis, any way they could. Resistance groups helped some prisoners to escape from Auschwitz. These people brought information to the world about the killings happening at Auschwitz. However, if one prisoner escaped, the SS kill...
By late 1944, the Red Army was close to Auschwitz. The SS blew up the gas chambers at Birkenau to hide what they had done. They also destroyed many other buildings and records.pp. 125–127 On 17th January 1945, the camps' SS guards started to leave Auschwitz. They forced more than 58,000 prisoners to march west to the cities Gliwice or Wodzilaw. At ...
Nobody knows exactly how many people died at Auschwitz, or other Nazi camps. The SS kept records, but they destroyed most of them. Historianshave used many different ways of estimating how many people died at Auschwitz. For example, they have studied what witnesses at the Nuremberg Trials said. Some people who survived Auschwitz also helped to esti...
Museum
A few years after World War II ended, the government of Poland decided to rebuild Auschwitz and put a museum there. They repaired some of the camps. Sometimes they made very small changes from the original setup. The museum has many parts and exhibits. They include: 1. Auschwitz II and the remains of the gas chambers. 2. About 110,000 men's, women's, and children's shoes. The shoes belonged to people who were killed at Auschwitz. 3. About 3,800 suitcases, which people sent to Auschwitz brough...
Other honors
In 1979, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Association (UNESCO) made Auschwitz a World Heritage Site. Also in 1979, Polish Pope John Paul II celebrated Massat Auschwitz II. In the 1980s, Pope John Paul II made two people who were killed at Auschwitz into Catholic saints: 1. Maximilian Kolbe, a Polish priest. The Nazis sent him to Auschwitz because he helped Jewish refugees. When three men escaped from Auschwitz, the SS chose ten other prisoners to be starved to death as...
Controversies
After World War II, the communist governments of the Soviet Union and Poland put up a memorial sign at Auschwitz. The sign said 4 million people died at Auschwitz. After the fall of the communist government in Poland in 1989, the sign was changed to say that 1.1 million people died there. People who try to deny the Holocaust use this difference to claim that the Holocaust was propaganda.However, the Holocaust is a fact of history, and the SS killed at least 1.1 million people at Auschwitz. St...
Example of a photo taken by an Allied plane that was never studiedOne of the Sonderkommando photos, showing naked women being sent to the gas chamberNazi photos of Polish prisoner Czesława Kwoka in 1942 or 1943The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit that hosts Wikipedia and our other free knowledge projects. We want to make it easier for everyone to share what they know. To do this, we keep Wikipedia and Wikimedia sites fast, reliable, and available to all. We protect the values and policies that allow free knowledge to thrive.
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The best Wikipedia experience on your device. Ad-free and free of charge, forever. With the official Wikipedia app, you can search and explore 40+ million articles in 300+ languages, no matter where you are. == Why you'll love the this app == 1. It's free and open Wikipedia is the encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Articles on Wikipedia are freely licensed and the app code is 100% open source ...
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The Soviet Union officialy Union of Soviet Socialist Republics also known as USSR [3] was the Russian state after end of Tsarist Period and the world's first single-party Marxist–Leninist state from 1922 until 1991. It was the first country to declare itself socialist and build towards a communist society.
Battle of Gadebusch. Part of the Great Northern War. Magnus Stenbock at Gadebusch, unknown author. Date. 9 December 1712 ( O.S.) 20 December 1712 ( N.S.) Location. Wakenstädt near Gadebusch, 35 km south of Lübeck in present-day Germany. Result.
