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The 12th century BC is the period from 1200 to 1101 BC. The Late Bronze Age collapse in the ancient Near East and eastern Mediterranean is often considered to begin in this century.
This is a list of political entities in the 12th century BC (1200–1101 BC).
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May 20, 2015 · Ramses III offering incense to the gods on wall painting in KV11 at Medinet Habu in Luxor, Egypt. 12th century BC. (Original image uploaded by Sinuhe20 in 2010 on Wikipedia and released into public domain.
- Collapse
- Recovery
- Possible Causes
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Cultural destruction
The half century between c.1200 and 1150 BC saw the cultural collapse of the Mycenaean kingdoms, the Kassites in Babylonia, the Hittite Empire in Anatolia and the Levant, and the New Kingdom of Egypt, as well as the destruction of Ugarit and the Amorite states in the Levant, the fragmentation of the Luwian states of western Anatolia, and a period of chaos in Canaan. The deterioration of these governments interrupted trade routes and led to severely reduced literacyin much of this area. Only a...
City destruction
Initially historians believed that in the first phase of this period, almost every city between Pylos and Gaza was violently destroyed, and many were abandoned, including Hattusa, Mycenae, and Ugarit, with Robert Drewsclaiming that, "Within a period of forty to fifty years at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the twelfth century, almost every significant city in the eastern Mediterranean world was destroyed, many of them never to be occupied again." However more recent research h...
Causes
Various explanations for the collapse have been proposed, including climatic changes (such as drought or effects of volcanic eruptions), invasions by groups such as the Sea Peoples, effects of the spread of iron metallurgy, developments in military weapons and tactics, and a variety of failures of political, social and economic systems, but none has achieved consensus. It is likely that a combination of several of these factors is responsible.
Gradually, by the end of the ensuing Dark Age, remnants of the Hittites coalesced into small Syro-Hittite states in Cilicia and in the Levant, where the new states were composed of mixed Hittite and Aramean polities. Beginning in the mid-10th century BC, a series of small Aramean kingdoms formed in the Levant, and the Philistines settled in souther...
Various theories have been put forward as possible contributors to the collapse, many of them mutually compatible.
Ancient History at CurlieNPR Throughline podcast: The Aftermath of Collapse: Bronze Age Edition (2021)British Columbia becomes a province of Canada on July 20, 1871. The first provincial general election is held from October through December 1871. It is conducted by a show of hands on nomination day and, if required, an open poll book on polling day. There are 46 candidates and no organized political parties.
This guide is intended to provide a brief history of elections in British Columbia and a list of the BC voters lists held by the BC Archives.
In the early twelfth century bc, the Greek and Near Eastern worlds were shaken by a series of catastrophic upheavals that brought the Bronze Age to an end. ‘The long interlude’ outlines the period of Babylonian history spanning the centuries from the fall of the Kassite dynasty in the mid-twelfth century to the rise of the Neo-Babylonian kingdom in the late seventh. In the course of these ...
