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Caryophyllidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. At the moment there is no complete consensus about what orders it includes, except that it presumably contains the order Caryophyllales. Note that this is only a naming difficulty: what to call various taxa of plants; there is little debate about how the plants in question are related ...
Caryophyllales ( / ˌkæri.oʊfɪˈleɪliːz / KARR-ee-oh-fih-LAY-leez) [2] is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.
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Order: Caryophyllidea. The Caryophyllideans are a group of tapeworms that infect fish and annelids (segmented worms) with a simple scolex or "head." Worms in this order only have one proglottid, which is believed to be the primitive condition for tapeworms. They are generally less than 10 centimetres long.
2 to 5 carpels, united, superior ovary (=hypogynous), styles free and equal to carpel number, ovules have free central placentation: Fruit: capsule with teeth at apex, achene: Other features: flowers with nectar, usually white or pink
Family: Caryophyllaceae — carnation family. Species in the Caryophyllaceae are mostly annual, biennial or perennial herbs. The stem has swollen nodes at the points of leaf attachment. Leaf arrangement is mostly opposite, though alternate and whorled leaves do occur in some plants of this family.
Relationships of Caryophyllales to other major clades of eudicots remain unclear. Cronquist (1981) and Takhtajan (1980, 1997), on the basis of floral characters, viewed Caryophyllidae as being derived from Ranunculales-type ancestors. However, phylogenetic analyses using many gene sequences place Caryophyllales firmly within the core eudicots.
