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  1. The study of stress is multifaceted and commonly divided into three theoretical perspectives: social, psychological, and biological. The social stress perspective emphasizes how stressful life experiences are embedded into social structures and hierarchies.

  2. Apr 26, 2021 · Here, we summarized the evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system. We find although the concept of stress is developed from Selye's “general adaptation syndrome”, it has now expanded and evolved significantly.

    • Siyu Lu, Fang Wei, Guolin Li
    • 10.15698/cst2021.06.250
    • 2021
    • Cell Stress. 2021 Jun; 5(6): 76-85.
  3. Dec 12, 2010 · Specifically, distress tolerance has been referred to as (a) the perceived capacity to withstand negative emotional and/or other aversive states (e.g., physical discomfort) and (b) the behavioral act of withstanding distressing internal states elicited by some type of stressor.

    • Michael J. Zvolensky, Anka A. Vujanovic, Amit Bernstein, Teresa Leyro
    • 10.1177/0963721410388642
    • 2010
    • 2010/12/12
  4. Nov 1, 2013 · Interviews with patients aimed to explore their perspectives about the roles of stress and distress in maintaining healthy behaviours and acting on advice from their doctor about how to improve their health.

    • Suzanne H McKenzie, Suzanne H McKenzie, Mark F Harris
    • 10.1186/1471-2296-14-166
    • 2013
    • BMC Fam Pract. 2013; 14: 166.
  5. Jan 11, 2018 · In an analysis of research, supported by the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences, Elliot and Eisdorfer attempt to unify the diverse perspectives of stress into a framework that represents three primary elements: the activator, the reaction and the consequence.

  6. Stress-Response Theory. Selye (1976a) initially proposed a triadic model as the basis for the stress-response pattern. The ele-ments included adrenal cortex hypertrophy, thy-micolymphatic (e.g., the thymus, the lymph nodes, and the spleen) atrophy, and gastrointesti-nal ulcers.

  7. Social learning theory, and consequently stress and coping theory, represented a departure from extant unidirectional models of human behavior that emphasized forces, either internal (e.g., needs, desires) or external (environmental contingencies), that determine behavior.

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