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This book examines the foreign policy, including the foreign economic policy, of independent Mongolia in the democratic era, which began in 1990. Mongolia, which celebrated its twenty-fifth year of democ-racy in 2015, has a long, storied history dating back to its founder, Ching-gis Khaan,1 but it only has recaptured the world’s attention in ...
Mongolia seeks closer relations with countries in Europe and hopes to receive most-favoured-nation status from the European Union (EU). During 1991, Mongolia signed investment promotion and protection agreements with Germany and France and an economic cooperation agreement with the United Kingdom .
#CountryDate [ 2]1926 December 2023[ 3]19124 February 202119017 January 201918921 November 2018- Introduction
- Mongolia’s geopolitical setting
- Scenarios for Mongolia’s balancing behaviour
- Innovative multilateral policies in support of soft balancing
- Conclusion
As with many other countries, Mongolia’s leaders and diplomats are grap-pling with foreign policy strategy in these complicated times. Russia, to the north, is engaging in geopolitical competition with the United States and its European allies over the sphere of influence in Ukraine. It is now far from a military operation: It has evolved into a co...
Mongolia operates in two distinctive geopolitical settings: One is regional and shaped by interests and actions of two great powers, Russia to the north and China to the south. The other is the overarching international set-ting, where Mongolia has limited connections and capabilities to influence. Mongolia is an isolated and vulnerable State. Its ...
The most favourable condition for Mongolia is when both great powers have peaceful relations with each other or are distracted by events else-where and/or are caught up with their own domestic problems. In these conditions, Mongolia’s security and defence neutrality is very important for both Russia and China. Any attempts by either Russia or China...
In the Mongolian case, building up its defence capabilities to deter any ag-gression from either neighbour (internal balancing) is economically costly and unsustainable. And any attempt at external balancing, such as joining a military alliance, is not possible due to the current friendly neighbours situation. Getting closer to Russia militarily or...
As the geopolitical competitions intensify, the realist theories of interna-tional relations appear to be more useful for examining the international relations than the liberalism, constructivism or English school of interna-tional relations. In the realist world, great powers compete for power, and the trade-of of their competition shapes the over...
Mongolia’s foreign relations are driven by a desire to preserve the nation’s autonomy by balancing relations between major partners, including the United States, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and Russia, and also Japan and South Korea.
The present article focuses primarily on the past, present and future development of these “Three Cornerstones” that constitute Mongolia’s foreign policy, and the ramifications thereof with respect to independence. 1. The Historical Background of Mongolian Foreign Policy in the 20th Century.
May 24, 1990 · Abstract. Mongolia, one of the ancient nations of Asia, lies in between the two great nations of the world—the Soviet Union and China—in the heart of East Asia. Like many other nations of the world Mongolia has traversed a long and difficult journey to its independence; genuine independence was secured as a result of the crucial revolution ...
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Jun 20, 2024 · Bottom Line. Mongolia, a landlocked democracy sandwiched between Russia and China, is positioned to reap economic gains from increased trade between the two powerhouses to its north and south.
