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  1. Bianca Maria Visconti in a portrait by Bonifacio Bembo, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan. Francesco's coat of arms encircled with the garter.. Francesco I Sforza KG (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko ˈpriːmo ˈsfɔrtsa]; 23 July 1401 – 8 March 1466) was an Italian condottiero who founded the Sforza dynasty in the duchy of Milan, ruling as its (fourth) duke from 1450 until his death.

  2. Feb 21, 2023 · Introduction. Members of the Medici family were arguably the most-conspicuous social climbers of the Renaissance period. In the fifteenth century the principal branch of the family acquired great wealth from banking and commerce and used it to exercise political influence in the Florentine republic, but in the sixteenth century the republic gave way to a principate, with the Medici as dukes of ...

  3. Nov 13, 2018 · The pope, in an anti-Medicean function, entrusted the Pisa chair to the young Francesco Salviati (Florence, 1443 - 1478), a cousin of Jacopo Pazzi (the latter’s mother, Caterina Salviati, was Francesco’s aunt) and, above all, a man strongly opposed to the Medici since Lorenzo, in 1474, had prevented him from becoming archbishop of Florence ...

  4. Lorenzo de’ Medici, one of the conspiracy’s main targets. The Times. Lorenzo isn’t walking alone; doing so would be unthinkable for a man of his standing. With him is his handsome brother, Giuliano, his friend Bernardo Baroncelli and his contemporary and political rival, Francesco de’ Pazzi. Francesco comes from another prestigious family.

  5. The Medici family had ruled Florence without interruption between 1434 and 1494. Following their return to power in 1512, Cosimo I de’ Medici, who became the second Duke of Florence in 1537, demonstrated a particularly shrewd ability to wield culture as a political tool in order to transform Florence into a dynastic duchy and give Florentine ...

  6. The Sforza of Milan. Francesco Sforza (1401 - 1466) was a mercenary soldier (what Machiavelli would have called a "condottiero", i.e. a military contractor) and the son of a prominent mercenary whose practice centered on the Duchy of Milan, which included the city-state of Milan, a cluster of dependent cities (including the some-time capital ...

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  8. Martin Luther becomes the first heretic to publish his theories worldwide. This German monk shattered centuries of reverence and assumption, paved the way for a revolution in faith and forever ...