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Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate (Prince Palatine Gustavus Adolphus; 14 January 1632 – 9 January 1641), was the last son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the British princess Elizabeth Stuart.
Feb 7, 2022 · To Protestants, Gustav Adolphus is one of the greatest examples of a Christian king. He was known in his lifetime as “the Lion from the North”, “the Protector of Protestantism” and “the Deliverer of Germany”. His timely intervention stopped the onward march and devastation caused by the Catholic League and the Austrian Empire.
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- Early Life & Kingship
- Oxenstierna & Reforms
- Marriage & Wars
- The Thirty Years’ War
- Conclusion
Adolphus was born Gustav II Adolph on 9 December 1594, son of Duke Charles of the House of Vasa (later Charles IX of Sweden, r. 1604-1611) and his second wife Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (l. 1573-1625). The couple were married in 1592 and Adolphus was the eldest of four children. Charles’ first marriage, to Christina’s first cousin Maria of Palat...
Oxenstierna guided the young king which, as scholar Peter H. Wilson notes, was not always easy: Oxenstierna provided the stability and counsel which enabled Adolphus to set about reforming the government and the military. He streamlined the bureaucracy of governmental offices, creating specific departments to handle the affairs of state such as the...
Not all of these reforms were implemented in his first few years, however, as he was required to govern the state and, in keeping with tradition, find a woman among the European nobility as a wife. Suitable matches were limited to Protestant women, as Adolphus was Lutheran (though sometimes seems to have allowed people to think he was Calvinist) bu...
The Polish-Swedish War was far from a resounding Swedish victory but the Truce of Altmark, concluding hostilities in 1629, favored the Swedes because Cardinal Richelieu of France (l. 1585-1642), who was part of the negotiations, needed Adolphus free to intercede in the Thirty Years’ War on the side of the Protestants. The Thirty Years’ War had begu...
Adolphus’ widow, Maria, fell into deep grief on hearing of his death and locked herself and their daughter Christina in her bedchambers with the windows blackened. Once his corpse reached Sweden, she demanded the coffin be left open and visited him every day to weep by his side. When Oxenstierna finally ordered the king buried in 1634, he was force...
- Joshua J. Mark
- Sarah Roller
- He’s widely regarded as one of Sweden’s best kings. Gustavus Adolphus is the only king in Sweden to have been awarded the epithet ‘the Great’ – a title bestowed upon him posthumously in 1633 by the Swedish Estates of the Realm.
- He was a progressive. Under Gustavus Adolphus, peasants were granted greater autonomy, more educational establishments were established including Sweden’s second university – the Academia Gustaviana.
- He is known as the ‘Father of Modern Warfare’ Unlike many contemporaries, Gustavus Adolphus organised a highly disciplined standing army, and enforced law & order.
- He survived a nearly fatal bullet wound. In 1627, Adolphus suffered a bullet wound in the muscles surrounding his shoulders from a Polish soldier: doctors could not remove the bullet itself, which prevented Adolphus wearing armour in future combat.
Michael Roberts. Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden (1611–32) who laid the foundations of the modern Swedish state and whose intervention and victories in the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) made it a major European power. He died at the Battle of Lutzen on November 6, 1632.
e. Gustavus Adolphus (9 December [ N.S 19 December] 1594 – 6 November [ N.S 16 November] 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, [1] was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited with the rise of Sweden as a great European power ( Swedish: Stormaktstiden ). During his reign, Sweden became one of the ...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate ( Prince Palatine Gustavus Adolphus; 14 January 1632 – 9 January 1641), was the last son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach ), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the British princess Elizabeth Stuart.
