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Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate ( Prince Palatine Gustavus Adolphus; 14 January 1632 – 9 January 1641), was the last son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach ), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the British princess Elizabeth Stuart.
Feb 7, 2022 · The rapid rise to fame of Gustav Adolphus, the young King of Sweden, his military innovations and dramatic victories in battle turned the tide in The Thirty Years War and saved Protestant Germany from annihilation. A Military Strategist.
- Early Life & Kingship
- Oxenstierna & Reforms
- Marriage & Wars
- The Thirty Years’ War
- Conclusion
Adolphus was born Gustav II Adolph on 9 December 1594, son of Duke Charles of the House of Vasa (later Charles IX of Sweden, r. 1604-1611) and his second wife Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (l. 1573-1625). The couple were married in 1592 and Adolphus was the eldest of four children. Charles’ first marriage, to Christina’s first cousin Maria of Palat...
Oxenstierna guided the young king which, as scholar Peter H. Wilson notes, was not always easy: Oxenstierna provided the stability and counsel which enabled Adolphus to set about reforming the government and the military. He streamlined the bureaucracy of governmental offices, creating specific departments to handle the affairs of state such as the...
Not all of these reforms were implemented in his first few years, however, as he was required to govern the state and, in keeping with tradition, find a woman among the European nobility as a wife. Suitable matches were limited to Protestant women, as Adolphus was Lutheran (though sometimes seems to have allowed people to think he was Calvinist) bu...
The Polish-Swedish War was far from a resounding Swedish victory but the Truce of Altmark, concluding hostilities in 1629, favored the Swedes because Cardinal Richelieu of France (l. 1585-1642), who was part of the negotiations, needed Adolphus free to intercede in the Thirty Years’ War on the side of the Protestants. The Thirty Years’ War had begu...
Adolphus’ widow, Maria, fell into deep grief on hearing of his death and locked herself and their daughter Christina in her bedchambers with the windows blackened. Once his corpse reached Sweden, she demanded the coffin be left open and visited him every day to weep by his side. When Oxenstierna finally ordered the king buried in 1634, he was force...
- Joshua J. Mark
In the ‘proposition’ which on May 30, 1629, Gustavus Adolphus addressed from Elbing to the Swedish Estates, and which first distinctly placed before them the plan of the great liberating expedition that has immortalized his name, he declared that to defend Sweden was to defend her faith.
Apr 30, 2014 · In this series of posts we will consider the life of Gustavus Adolphus, one of the greatest commanders of that war, and a man who many say revolutionized warfare. He came from Sweden, which is not one of Europe’s most powerful nations today.
Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate ( Prince Palatine Gustavus Adolphus; 14 January 1632 – 9 January 1641), was the last son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach ), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the British princess Elizabeth Stuart.
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Mar 14, 2022 · At the decisive Battle of Lützen, Gustavus Adolphus was killed while leading a cavalry charge on the enemy flank. He took a bullet in his left arm before being shot again, this time in the back. His body was eventually found with a final shot to the temple.
