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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit Chapter Summary. Find summaries for every chapter, including a Phenomenology of Spirit Chapter Summary Chart to help you understand the book.
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit Plot...
- Phenomenology of Spirit Study Guide
This study guide for Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's...
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Complete summary of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit. eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of The Phenomenology of Spirit.
In Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel attempts to construct a simpler system which draws a line of connection between early consciousness and absolute knowing. This system champions cognitive logic over innate knowledge, an idea that dominated philosophical inquiry since the 4th century BC.
A summary of Phenomenology of Spirit: Chapters 1 to 3: Shapes of Consciousness in G.W.F. Hegel's Selected Works of G.W.F. Hegel. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Selected Works of G.W.F. Hegel and what it means.
- Preface
- Introduction
- Consciousness
- Self-Consciousness
- Reason
- Spirit
- Religion
- Absolute Knowing
Hegel's preface, written after the work was completed, introduces and summarizes his argument. He says that his work is aimed at producing a systematic science of philosophy. To do this, he intends to unveil the history of how collective human thought, which he calls "Spirit," has evolved over successive stages of development in history. He implies...
Hegel introduces his methods and his stance on philosophy. He establishes his idealist principles but argues that knowledge of the world, and even of the absolute (ultimate, all-encompassing truth) is possible. He claims that he can demonstrate that it is possible because it is demonstrated by the history of the ascent of human thought. This ascent...
According to Hegel, consciousness is the earliest stage of human thought. Sense-certainty is the part of consciousness that deals with the earliest and simplest level of thought—simple, passive intake of sensory data about the world. Hegel shows how sense-certainty becomes perception, the active process of thinking about the world. Neither sense-ce...
Self-consciousness is a product of consciousness. The process is a social one, as Hegel describes. Self-consciousness occurs when consciousness becomes aware of other consciousnesses (other human minds) in the world. Self-consciousness is produced by the reciprocal acknowledgment of other self-consciousnesses in society. Hegel contends that humans ...
Self-consciousness becomes reason when it realizes that it (the self-conscious human mind) is all of reality. What Hegel means is that reason is achieved when humans realize that human perception is all that humans can experience. Reason is applied to the world outside the mind, but all that exists, for humans, is the reasoning mind. Hegel argues t...
Spirit is reason made fully self-conscious and fully confident. Spirit exists in an ethical order within and above human society. It is the ethics, traditions, and values of a society, and it is produced by humans living within society, not isolated human minds. Hegel considers how the primitive ethical order in human societies breaks apart because...
Hegel draws a historical account of the evolution of religion, from simple religion based on natural phenomena, to revealed religions like Christianity. His account of religion is a mirror and counterpart to his account of the evolution of human thought and spirit.
Hegel reveals his belief that the ultimate goal of the evolution of human thought is to grasp the "absolute," or the true, ultimate, all-encompassing unity of existence. The means by which the absolute can be grasped are provided by the systematic philosophical science Hegel claims he is constructing. He reiterates that knowledge is formed by a len...
This study guide for Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit offers summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text.
Sensory knowledge is the richest and most trustworthy type of knowledge. The experience of an object through the senses is immediate, and a person’s reaction is immediate as well. However, Hegel suggests that sense-certainty is an impoverished form of truth.
