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May 18, 2014 · May 18, 2014. Géza Jeszenszky. Among the many unfair or exaggerated criticisms Hungary has received recently it is often brought up that Horthy, Hungary’s Head of State (Regent) from 1920 to 1944, was an ally of Nazi Germany, who, with Hitler’s help, annexed territories from the neighbours, and permitted the murder of half a million Jewish ...
- Géza Jeszenszky
Nov 14, 2018 · The Church of Homecoming stands on the southeastern edge of the square. The reformist church, commemorating “the return” of Transylvania – part of pre-First World War Hungary that Hitler gave back as part of the 1940 Second Vienna Accord – is a Novecento building constructed in the style of Mussolini’s Italy, and it is today one of the headquarters of Jobbik, Hungary’s neo-Nazi party.
- István Rév
- 2018
May 22, 2023 · How much did domestic policy and ideology harmonize with Nazi genocidal racism or generate resistance to it? As Hungary and Romania became allied with Germany, each had its own motivations for joining the alliance and for participation in the war, often at variance from those of Nazi Germany.
Jan 3, 2011 · Abstract. The story of Hungary's participation in World War II is part of a much larger story—one that has never before been fully recounted for a non-Hungarian readership. The dismemberment of the Hungarian Kingdom after its defeat in World War I resulted in the loss of two-thirds of its territory and three-fourths of its population.
- Introduction↑
- The German Spring Offensives↑
- The German Home Front↑
- Allied Fall Campaign↑
- New German Government↑
- The Austro-Hungarian Front↑
- Early October 1918↑
- Question of An Armistice↑
- Internal Problems: Nationalities↑
- President Wilson Changes Position↑
The Western Front drew the entire world’s attention in early 1918. After pulling multiple divisions from the Eastern Front and training their soldiers in storm trooper tactics between late 1917 and early 1918, the Germans launched their infamous spring offensives. The Russian Revolutionsaltered the situation on the Eastern Front and gave the German...
The long-anticipated first German spring offensive, Operation Michael (Kaiserschlacht), commenced on 21 March 1918. Seventy-four German divisions supported by 6,500 artillery pieces and 730 aircraft attacked thirty-four British infantry and three cavalry division forces on a fifty-mile front on the 1916 Somme battleground. Although the terrain had ...
On the German home front, draconian rationing of the dwindling food supplies and grave shortages of raw materials led to strikes, demonstrations, and civil unrest. During early 1918, massive strikes, far larger than previous stoppages, broke out all over Germany. Hundreds of thousands of people protested the steadily worsening food situation. In th...
The decisive 26 September Meuse-Argonne Offensive against the German Hindenburg Line continued during the successful Hundred Days Offensive until the end of the war. German troops were now truly exhausted. Entente offensives continued unabated after 28 September, as the German government learned that Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff were demandin...
After the failure of the spring offensives, the disastrous defeat in the Balkan theater, and the collapse of the German Western Front, General Ludendorff suddenly proclaimed on 3 October that the war was lost and that the German government must immediately seek an acceptable armistice and peace from the Allies. This stunning admission negatively af...
The Habsburg Army launched an offensive on the Italian front on 15 June. The operation was delayed by inclement weather and the rugged mountain terrain. The overtaxed railroads could not meet the demand of transporting troops, food, and equipment. On the eve of the 15 June offensive, the army’s food supplies could only last a few days. Habsburg Arm...
The Habsburg Army’s collapse accelerated during the first half of October 1918. Mutinies and severe discipline problems resulted from the prolonged political, social, and military events. War-weariness abounded. Entente propaganda proved particularly effective among the various Dual Monarchy nationalities. The citizenry had long since lost respect ...
The disastrous collapse of the Bulgarian front in September caused Austria-Hungary to join Germany’s appeal to President Wilson for an armistice, a desperate attempt at self-preservation by both the emperor and the central government. German Emperor Wilhelm appealed to President Wilson on 16 September for an armistice based on the Fourteen Points, ...
In the fall of 1918 a general strike erupted throughout Bohemia as the fledgling Czech government began to assemble. In addition, President Wilson’s sharp, second note of 14 October opened the door for decisive negotiations. Any illusions the German government might have harbored about armistice conditions ended with Wilson’s reply. The U.S. Presid...
Then, on 21 October, President Wilson announced that he had altered his earlier 8 January stance because of events that had transpired since then. He recognized Czechoslovakia as a belligerent nation and its National Council as its formal government. He also demanded justice for the South Slav nationalist aspirations. The Wilson note removed any qu...
Apr 10, 2022 · The widening economic, social and cultural disparities, together with the attempt by the political elites to stabilize domestic rule by pursuing an aggressive foreign policy, led to the socialization of violence in Austria-Hungary long before the First World War. [2]
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The most recent and most accessible account, however, is that of Max-Stephan Schulze, ‘Austria-Hungary’s economy in World War I’. The concluding paragraph (p. 107) of Schulze’s article deserves to be quoted : 37“The main conclusions from the preceding discussion of Austria-Hungary’s war economy can be summarised as follows. First ...
