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Sep 10, 2018 · By the time of World War One, Austria-Hungary had survived for a very long time as a series of muddles and compromises. The Empire was spread across a huge swathe of central and eastern Europe, encompassing the modern-day states of Austria and Hungary, as well as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Croatia and parts of present Poland, Romania, Italy, Ukraine, Moldova, Serbia and ...
Hungary had been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I, and also had an alliance with Italy (against Yugoslavia). Romania had been pro-Allied during World War I, but sided with Germany for roughly the same reasons as Finland; the Soviet Union had annexed parts of Romania (Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina) in 1940.
- The Nazis did not spend that much time regarding Bulgaria. The country was important for access to Greece and, eventually maybe, Turkey and the Mid...
- Unfortunately the answers here expressed earlier are wrong. Hitler hated the slavs. Hitler did NOT consider bulgarians to be slavic. " The idea...
- Less known fact is that Hitler considered slavic people as simply non-aryans, non-aryan category didn't automatically mean that the race should be...
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- Introduction↑
- Austria-Hungary in 1914↑
- The Military↑
- Entering The War↑
- War at The Fronts↑
- Mobilizations on The Home Fronts↑
- Camps↑
- 1917-1918↑
- Conclusion↑
The assassination of the Habsburg heir in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 set in motion events that led to a global war. Arguably it was eighty-three-year-old Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1830-1916), pressured by military advisers, government ministers, and his German ally, who unleashed the war. Austria-Hungary’s wartime experiences, however, ra...
In 1914 Austria-Hungary was Europe’s second largest state (after Russia) with its third largest population (after Russia and Germany). It covered an area that today lies within the borders of Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. Austria-Hungary held no ex...
The liberal reform era that established Austria and Hungary as separate states in 1867 had also created a system of general conscription for military service that applied to all male citizens of Austria and Hungary. The law shortened the period of service to three years (later two), ending the practice that allowed some men to dodge military servic...
In the summer of 1914 a small circle of men in the military high command, foremost among them Chief of the General Staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf (1852-1925), wanted Austria-Hungary to declare war on its neighbor Serbia. Ostensibly, they sought to punish Serbia for what they claimed had been its government’s proven involvement in planning the 24...
Austria-Hungary began mobilizing for a single-front war on 28 July. In less than a year however, and for the duration, Austria-Hungary found itself trapped in a three-front war for which it had not planned. The War Command (Armeeoberkommando, or AOK), originally implemented its Plan B (Balkan) to invade Serbia from three sides, even though Conrad v...
From 1914 to 1917 Austria-Hungary also experienced revolutionary economic and social transformations on the home front. From changes in labor and gender relations to ongoing crises in food provision, the movements of thousands of refugees, and the rise of rumors and denunciation as a way of life, the war revolutionized every aspect of what came to ...
Late in 1914, over 7,000 Ukrainian citizens — often whole villages — were deported from Galicia to notorious internment camps in Moravia (Theresienstadt) and Styria (Thalerhof). Treated as enemies of the state, the deportees suffered horrendous conditions. Other camps had to be constructed to hold the hundreds of thousands of Russian and Italian PO...
The year 1917 brought political transformation to Austria-Hungary, if no improvement in wartime conditions. The most consequential change was the death of Emperor-King Francis Joseph after almost sixty-eight years as ruler. Many people found it difficult to imagine a future without this familiar and unifying figure as head of state. The new emperor...
There is no agreed date on which the Habsburg Monarchy ceased to exist, either practically, formally, or institutionally. Taken together, the declarations of regional independence in October and Charles’s non-abdication ended the empire. Yet despite those regional proclamations of independence, it was usually the military situation on the ground th...
This project entailed transforming the Habsburg Empire from a Dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy to a Trialist Austro-Hungarian-Polish Monarchy by uniting Galicia with Russian Poland. If successful, this would have resulted in a further rise in imperial patriotism among large sectors of the Polish national movement, accompanied by a concomitant ...
Empire, or birodalom in Hungarian, was defined through the title of its monarch, hence only polities headed by an emperor—whether a Kaiser (as in the Holy Roman Empire), a tsar (in Russia), or a sultan (in the Ottoman Empire)—were seen as empires. Associating empire with an emperor prevailed throughout the nineteenth century.
- Bálint Varga
- 2021
Jul 22, 2019 · Wartime developments made it more significant and diminished imperial patriotism. Yet Austria-Hungary did not fall apart because of this. Apart from the Entente decision to dismember it, the crucial cause of its demise was the changed attitude of nationalist politicians, who did not see Austria-Hungary as viable anymore.
The Construction of National Identities in the Nineteenth Century: Language and Consciousness [00:08:24] The Development of Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Lithuania and Belarus [00:25:45] Complex Identities: Multiple Languages in Belgium and Switzerland [00:37:53] The Balancing Act of the Austria-Hungarian Empire: Factors of Stability [00:44:00 ...
