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- The reaction that takes place is: H2SO4 (l) + NaCl (s) → HCl (g) + NaHSO4 (s) The HCl gas produced is seen as white fumes
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Primary and secondary alcohols can be converted to alkyl chlorides and bromides by allowing them to react with a mixture of a sodium halide and sulfuric acid: Mechanisms of the Reactions of Alcohols with HX
Alcohols react with the strongly acidic hydrogen halides HCl, HBr, and HI, but they do not react with nonacidic NaCl, NaBr, or NaI. Primary and secondary alcohols can be converted to alkyl chlorides and bromides by allowing them to react with a mixture of a sodium halide and sulfuric acid:
Jan 15, 2023 · Primary and secondary alcohols can be converted to alkyl chlorides and bromides by allowing them to react with a mixture of a sodium halide and sulfuric acid: Mechanisms of the Reactions of Alcohols with HX
When an alcohol is treated with sodium hydroxide, the following acid-base equilibrium occurs. Most alcohols are slightly weaker acids than water so the left side is favored. R–O– H + Na (+) OH (–) R–O (–) Na (+) + H –OH. The elimination of water from an alcohol is called dehydration.
When an alkene is reacted with water in the presence of sulfuric acid, an alcohol can be formed. A hydrogen atom from the sulfuric acid can add to the carbon of the double bond that has the most hydrogen atoms. Then, a hydroxy group from the water will add to the other carbon of the double bond as predicted by Markovnikov’s rule.
This reaction is carried out using a warmed mixture of potassium bromide and 50% concentrated sulfuric acid with the reacting alcohol. More concentrated sulfuric acid would oxidise bromide ions to bromine resulting in different products.
The reaction starts by converting the alcohol to its corresponding chromate ester, which then undergoes a deprotonation by a base to form a C=O double bond: In the acid-base step either the chloride ion or the alcohol can serve as a base to remove the hydrogen.
