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In western Europe the largest Jewish communities were in Great Britain, with 300,000 Jews (0.65%); France, with 250,000 (0.6%); and the Netherlands, with 156,000 (1.8%). Additionally, 60,000 Jews (0.7%) lived in Belgium, 4,000 (0.02%) in Spain, and 1,200 (0.02%) in Portugal.
The synagogue in Belz, dedicated in 1843, destroyed by the Nazis in 1939. Belz ( Yiddish: בעלזא) is a Hasidic dynasty founded in the town of Belz in Western Ukraine, near the Polish border, historically the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The group was founded in the early 19th century by Rabbi Shalom Rokeach, also known as the Sar Shalom ...
Prior to the Spanish Civil War and not taking Ceuta and Melilla into account, about 6,000–7,000 Jews lived in Spain, mostly in Barcelona and Madrid. [119] Likewise, by 1936, the Jewish community in Melilla amounted to 6,000, later notably decreasing because of emigration to Venezuela, Israel, mainland Spain and France. [120]
In 1914, when the war front reached Belz, he fled to Hungary and lived in Újfehértó where he succeeded in winning many Hungarian Jews to Belz Hasidism. In 1918, he moved to Munkács (Mukacevo) and became embroiled in a bitter quarrel with the ?addik of Munkács which gave rise to a voluminous exchange of polemics.
While few reliable statistics exist for the expulsion, modern estimates by scholars from the University of Barcelona estimated the number of Sephardic Jews during the 15th century at 400,000 out of a total population of approximately 7.5 million people in all of Spain, out of whom about half (at least 200,000 [87] [88]) or slightly more ...
In comparison, the Jews in western Europe—Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Belgium—made up much less of the population and tended to adopt the culture of their non-Jewish neighbors.
Of the 1,600 Belgians, 196 were Jews, many originally from Poland. On August 18, 1936, the first French and Belgian Jewish volunteers among the Workers Olympic team arrived in Barcelona. The first French Jewish group of volunteers left Paris for Spain on August 8 (DD p. 33) and the first Parisian kia was Leon Baum.
