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Jan 6, 2023 · 1. Nihilism and the Crisis of Modernity. We can find early glimpses of what might be called the “existential attitude” (Solomon 2005) in the Stoic and Epicurean philosophies of antiquity, in the struggle with sin and desire in St. Augustine’s Confessions, in the intimate reflections on death and the meaning of life in Michel de Montaigne’s Essays, and in the confrontation with the ...
May 8, 2024 · According to existentialism: (1) Existence is always particular and individual—always my existence, your existence, his existence, her existence. (2) Existence is primarily the problem of existence (i.e., of its mode of being ); it is, therefore, also the investigation of the meaning of Being. (3) That investigation is continually faced with ...
- a. Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) as an Existentialist Philosopher. Kierkegaard was many things: philosopher, religious writer, satirist, psychologist, journalist, literary critic and generally considered the ‘father’ of existentialism.
- b. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) as an Existentialist Philosopher. “I know my lot. Some day my name will be linked to the memory of something monstrous, of a crisis as yet unprecedented on earth…” (Nietzsche 2007:88).
- c. Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) as an Existentialist Philosopher. Heidegger exercised an unparalleled influence on modern thought. Without knowledge of his work recent developments in modern European philosophy (Sartre, Gadamer, Arendt, Marcuse, Derrida, Foucault et al.)
- d. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) as an Existentialist Philosopher. In the public consciousness, at least, Sartre must surely be the central figure of existentialism.
This, at least, was the view most widely held by the existentialists. In one work, a pamphlet entitled Existentialism Is a Humanism (1946), Sartre backed away from so radical a subjectivism by suggesting a version of Kant’s idea that moral judgments be applied universally. He does not reconcile this view with conflicting statements elsewhere ...
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Apr 27, 2023 · 1. A core belief of existentialism is summarized by Sartre in the phrase “existence precedes essence.”. Existentialists believe that humans are different from other things — plants, animals, cultural objects — because we exist: we make choices, we reflect on the past, and we are always moving toward the future.
Existentialism is a philosophical movement that believes that the human existence cannot be completely described simply by rational, idealistic or scientific terms and that individual freedom, responsibility and experience are what define it. At its essence, existentialism is a rejection of the idea of predetermined essence or universal truths.
1. Beauvoir recounts the story of the introduction of the word “existentialism” in her memoir The Force of Circumstance, suggesting it stemmed initially from a dispute between Sartre and Marcel in which Sartre rejected the label because it conveyed the sense of a philosophical system. In response to Marcel, he claimed: “My philosophy is a ...
