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Dec 14, 2021 · The chapter focuses on ethics. Both Hume (an empiricist) and Kant (a rationalist) distinguish the Ought from the Is, Values from Facts, and Morality from Science. The author offers an exhaustive matrix of ethical principles and criteria in Western thought, from Relativism to Absolutism, available for the choosing.
At the heart of Socratic ethics lies the bold assertion that an understanding of virtue is synonymous with having knowledge. But what does that mean in practice? Socrates believed that by achieving knowledge of what is just, good, and virtuous, a person would naturally act in accordance with these values.
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Is knowledge more valuable than truth?
Is the originality of ethics a norm or a propositional knowledge?
Is ethical conduct always based on knowledge of justifying and applying rules?
What are ethical principles and criteria in Western thought?
In ethical naturalism and virtue ethics, discovering moral values requires understanding one’s nature, which must be based on an objective understanding of human life. Connections The chapter on normative moral theory explores virtue ethics in greater depth.
- The First Level: Basic Wisdom
- Self-Knowledge
- The Second Level: Reflective Wisdom
- Knowledge and Understanding
So, how should we organize the rich array of demands on wisdom, satisfying at the same time the usual epistemological desiderata? I propose that we take as our guide the two-level accounts in epistemology, above all the one of Sosa (e.g., Sosa, 2007) combining reliability on the first level with coherence on the second. The idea is that reliability...
Let me now pass to the central kind of knowledge at the basic level, namely self-knowledge. Lao-Tzu teaches us: “Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom.” Socrates would probably agree, and so would many of his followers. But why is self-knowledge important? Well, I should know myself in order to be able to predict how vario...
At the first level, the relevant cognitive and motivational elements are minimally reflective, in the sense of being made compatible with local, pressing concerns, so that the focus is not purely atomic, nor seriously holistic, but rather “molecular,” taking into account the nearest competitors only. So, phronesis-generated preferences already cont...
We should now place this proposal within the wider virtue-epistemological setting. So, why knowledge, and not just true belief? What about skepticism? There is a skeptical tradition, running from Academic skepticism in antiquity to Montaigne and his disciple (and adopted son) Charron, that claims that a skeptic, at least a moderate skeptic, can be ...
- Nenad Miščević
- vismiscevic@ceu.hu
- 2012
May 6, 2021 · 1. Contexts. 1.1 Ancient Philosophy. 1.2 Epistemology & Philosophy of Science. 2. Theoretical Frameworks. 2.1 Objects of Understanding. 2.2 Psychology of Understanding. 2.3 Normativity of Understanding. 3. Special Issues in Epistemology. 3.1 The Epistemic Value of Understanding. 3.2 Testimony. 4. Special Issues in the Philosophy of Science.
Starting from a pragmatist point of view the paper dismisses the argument that ethical conduct is always based on knowledge of justifying and applying rules. In a first section I show that Plato and Kant already claimed that the originality of the ethical can’t be represented as either propositional knowledge or a norm, but is instead given to us in a way that is never fully available for ...
Sep 17, 2021 · The chapter introduces a broad definition to ethics and values in professional social work and sums up the main theoretical approaches to lay the foundation of the understanding and knowledge of social work ethical values. Furthermore, key documents on an...
